What Is a Senior Thesis

A senior thesis is a large, independent research project that students take on during their senior year of high school or college to fulfill their graduation requirement. It is the culminating work of their studies at a particular institution, and it represents their ability to conduct research and write effectively. For some students, a senior thesis is a requirement for graduating with honors. Students typically work closely with an advisor and choose a question or topic to explore before carrying out an extensive research plan. Style Manuals and the Paper's Organization The structure of your research paper will depend, in part, on the style manual that is required by your instructor. Different disciplines, such as history, science, or education, have different rules to abide by when it comes to research paper construction, organization, and modes of citation. The styles for different types of assignment include: Modern Language Association (MLA): The disciplines that tend to prefer the MLA style guide include literature, arts, and the humanities, such as linguistics, religion, and philosophy. To follow this style, you will use parenthetical citations to indicate your sources  and a works cited page to show the list of books and articles you consulted. American Psychological Association (APA): The APA style manual tends to be used in psychology, education, and some of the social sciences. This type of report may require the following: Title pageAbstractIntroductionMethodResultsDiscussionReferencesTablesFiguresAppendix Chicago style: The Chicago Manual of Style is used in most college-level history courses as well as professional publications that contain scholarly articles. Chicago style may call for endnotes or footnotes corresponding to a bibliography page at the back or the author-date style of in-text citation, which uses parenthetical citations and a references page at the end. Turabian style: Turabian is a student version of Chicago style. It requires some of the same formatting techniques as Chicago, but it includes special rules for writing college-level papers, such as book reports. A Turabian research paper may call for endnotes or footnotes and a bibliography. Science style: Science instructors may require students to use a format that is similar to the structure used in publishing papers in scientific journals. The elements you would include in this sort of paper include: Title pageAbstractList of materials and methods usedResults of your methods and experimentsDiscussionReferencesAcknowledgments American Medical Association (AMA): The AMA style book might be required for students in medical or premedical degree programs in college. Parts of an AMA research paper might include: Title pageAbstractProper headings and listsTables and figuresIn-text citationsReference list Choose Your Topic Carefully Starting off with a bad, difficult, or narrow topic likely wont lead to a positive result. Dont choose a question or statement thats so broad that its overwhelming and could comprise a lifetime of research or a topic thats so narrow youll struggle to compose 10 pages. Consider a topic that has a lot of recent research so you wont struggle to put your hands on current or adequate sources. Select a topic that interests you. Putting in long hours on a subject that bores you will be arduous—and ripe for procrastination.  If a professor recommends an area of interest, make sure it excites you. Also, consider expanding a paper youve already written; youll hit the ground running because youve already done some research and know the topic. Last, consult with your advisor before finalizing your topic. You dont want to put in a lot of hours on a subject that is rejected by your instructor. Organize Your Time Plan to spend half of your time researching and the other half writing. Often, students spend too much time researching and then find themselves in a crunch, madly writing in the final hours. Give yourself goals to reach along certain signposts, such as the number of hours you want to have invested each week or by a certain date or how much you want to have completed in those same timeframes. Organize Your Research Compose your works cited or bibliography entries as you work on your paper. This is especially important if your style manual requires you to use access dates for any online sources that you review or requires page numbers be included in the citations. You dont want to end up at the very end of the project and not know what day you looked at a particular website or have to search through a hard-copy book looking for a quote that you included in the paper. Save PDFs of online sites, too, as you wouldnt want to need to look back at something and not be able to get online or find that the article has been removed since you read it. Choose an Advisor You Trust This may be your first opportunity to work with direct supervision. Choose an advisor whos familiar with the field, and ideally select someone you like and whose classes youve already taken. That way youll have a rapport from the start.   Consult Your Instructor Remember that your instructor is the final authority on the details and requirements of your paper. Read through all instructions, and have a conversation with your instructor at the start of the project to determine his or her preferences and requirements. Have a cheat sheet or checklist of this information; dont expect yourself to remember all year every question you asked or instruction you were given.

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The Implementation Of Relationship Sexuality Education Education Essay Free Essays

string(117) " for some instructors to exclude or disregard the RSE faculty due to the degree of uncomfortableness that they feel\." Introduction The focal point of this survey is to look into what factors impact on the execution of Relationship Sexuality Education ( RSE ) in the school scene. This survey was created to foreground pupil ‘s positions on the how RSE is taught in the category room and what impact the instructor has on the subjects being taught in relation to the cognition base of the pupils. The research worker will get down this probe by sketching â€Å" Probe of factors which impact on the successful ( or non ) instruction and execution of RSE in the context of SPHE † Literature reappraisal In April ( 2000 ) the section of Education and scientific discipline approved the junior rhythm ( SPHE ) Syllabus, Schools were advised that Social Physical Health Education must be formed as a portion of the nucleus course of study of the junior rhythm. We will write a custom essay sample on The Implementation Of Relationship Sexuality Education Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harmonizing to the section of instruction and scientific discipline ( 2001 ) this topic is to supply students with chances to advance the personal development, wellness and wellbeing of the kid and to assist the kid create and keep supportive relationships which will enable them to go active and responsible citizens in society. The SPHE programme is made up of 10 faculties. One of these faculties is Relationship Sexuality Education ( RSE ) . Sex instruction in Ireland today is delivered through this faculty in schools up to junior certification. Harmonizing to Davidson ( 1996 ) sex instruction has been traditionally a harm restriction exercising. Educational programmes mentioning to sex can be associated with the debatable facets of sexual behavior. This can be seen for illustration on the accent on the hazard of adolescent gestation and sexually familial infections ( STI ‘S ) . These are highly of import but it is besides of import to advance the normative facets of people ‘s sexual behavior and activity. Morgan ( 2000 ) states that High quality sex instruction is indispensable to enable immature people to understand their ain development and to fix for picks and duties in their life. Introduction of RSE in Ireland Compared to other European states the debut gender instruction in schools is recent. The acknowledgment of the demand for RSE can be linked to a figure of developments and events that took topographic point during the 1980 ‘s and 1990 ‘s. The spread of HIV and AIDS was a major factor that was seen to convey approximately more public consciousness of sexually transmitted infections and besides the function the authorities took in seeking to battle these issues. In peculiar the Aids epidemic highlighted how of import discoursing sexual behavior is in a scope of scenes including schools. Equally good as that kid sexual maltreatment disclosures perceptibly rose between 1980 and 1988 ( Mckeoen A ; Gilligan, 1988 ) . With this the concern of the wellness boards led to the development of an instruction programme ‘stay safe ‘ which was introduced into primary schools in 1991. This type of instruction was seen to hold many jobs as the instruction system in Ireland was largely dominated by the Catholic Church. The place that the Catholic hierarchy ‘s held was that parents need the aid and support of schools with educating their kids about sex. They had the position that school based gender instruction should follow a policy that reflects the schools nucleus values and ethos and that kids must be told the truth as defined by the Catholic Church ( Inglis,1998 ) . Aim of RSE The purpose of RSE programme in Ireland is harmonizing to policy guidelines â€Å" Get a cognition and apprehension of human relationships and gender through procedures which will enable them to organize values and set up behaviors within a moral, religious and societal model. † Department of Education and Science ( 1997 ; 4 ) Each instructor is provided with stuffs to help the instruction of RSE. This provides the instructor with a broad scope of options with relation to instruction and presenting the RSE programme. There are factors that influence how these stuffs are used. For illustration: the school policy on RSE. RSE includes a broad scope of subjects appropriate to differing age groups and school old ages. But harmonizing to the policies mentioned above it is at the discretion of the school at which these subjects are delivered. Experience of sex Education Harmonizing to a study published by the Irish Study of Sexual Health and Relationships ( 2006 ) reception of sex instruction and the content of this instruction may be a important influence on a individual ‘s degree of sexual cognition. A study carried out in the above study by the ISSHR found that 53 % of work forces and 60 % of adult females reported holding received sex instruction. The debut of RSE was non introduced into Irish schools until 1997. The debut of this programme is the primary ground why the proportion of people who have received sex instruction is highest among people under 25. ISSHR ( 2006 ) study found that most people who received sex instruction did so in school. School has become the prevailing beginning among younger age groups. Research In looking at the study By the ISSHR merely over half of those persons who reported having sex instruction said this was ‘helpful ‘ or ‘very helpful ‘ in fixing them for grownup relationships. Overall, more adult females ( 54 % ) than work forces ( 49 % ) who had received sex instruction reported that this was helpful. Under-25s were significantly more likely than all older groups to describe that their sex instruction was helpful. Even among the youngest age group, 42 % of work forces and 34 % of adult females found their sex instruction ‘unhelpful ‘ . The authorities through the Department of Education and scientific discipline undergoes an review on the SPHE programme bringing in secondary schools by measuring the quality of instruction and acquisition in SPHE category. One barrier to the effectual execution as expressed in the study on RSE ( 2007 ) is that of the position of SPHE in schools. This study found that SPHE struggled to derive acknowledgment. A concern that was expressed in set abouting this survey was the inclination for some instructors to exclude or disregard the RSE faculty due to the degree of uncomfortableness that they feel. You read "The Implementation Of Relationship Sexuality Education Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Besides the study noted that some instructors viewed the topic as an add-on or a Department of State. Decision In looking at the purpose of RSE as set by the section of instruction is to â€Å" get a cognition and apprehension of human relationships and gender. † RSE besides encourages treatment and contemplation and to supply an apprehension of one ‘s ain gender and all that goes with it. The research suggests that because policies are left up to the schools ain enterprise that schools may be go forthing out certain subjects. This may be due to the position of the SPHE programme within the school. Because it is left up to the discretion of the school the criterion of instruction and degrees of cognition of the pupils may be questionable. How does this impact on pupils? Due to it being left up to the school as to what subjects are being taught the pupil ‘s degree of cognition may be different across all schools. Besides another barrier to efficient SPHE instruction is that some instructors learning the topic feel uncomfortable in certain subjects. Does this impact on the pr ocedure of learning RSE? Levels of comfort in learning the subject may impact on the content being taught and besides how the pupils engage with the instructor and the content of RSE. Is it the content of RSE that impacts on the pupils or is it besides the procedure of learning the topic that predominately impacts on the pupils? Rationale Ireland has seen altering attitudes and behaviors in a delayed sexual revolution during this the twenty-first century. A study conducted by the ISSHR ( 2009 ) has found that 90 % of people support sexual instruction for immature people. The legal age of one ‘s first sexual experience has fallen in recent old ages for both adolescent male childs and misss from 20 to 18 for misss and 19 to 17 for male childs. Due to the altering attitudes of people presents towards sex RSE has been implemented in schools throughout the state. Every school must hold a set of guidelines that include RSE and its execution, harmonizing to the guidelines set by the section of instruction ( REF ) this should reflect the ethos of the school. The utility of this policy can be questioned and it is n’t clear of its effectivity on students. However, what is known is that the criterion of bringing across all schools may differ. What factors influence this? The probe into the factors that impact on the successful ( or non ) instruction and execution of RSE came from my ain experience of having RSE instruction. In researching this subject I found that there is non a standardized degree of execution. This interested me as I had a really positive experience and shortly realised that it is non the same for everyone. On contemplation of treatments with my lector I realised that it was the procedure that may impact on the pupil ‘s degree of cognition of RSE. For me and my experience it was about prosecuting with the instructor. It ‘s non merely the programme but how the instructor teaches the subject and how the instructor engages with pupils. This is why this subject for survey was chosen to assist inform instructors to better on their ain RSE category and to demo that it ‘s non merely the content of the programme but it ‘s the procedure of learning the subject. In the study on RSE ( 2007 ) it was found that professionals from both wellness and instruction sectors at both regional degree expressed uncertainty about the quality of RSE bringing across many schools. In this study attending was brought to disagreements in how RSE is prioritised and taught. It is known that for effectual execution proper instructor preparation is needed to develop the personal accomplishments of the instructor when diging into an issue which has become progressively of import in today ‘s society. It has been highlighted and harmonizing to policy guidelines ( Department of instruction, 1997 ) a instructor ‘s degree of comfort when learning RSE is critical in the full execution of the programme. What is non known is how this impacts on pupils? Methodology Introduction In this subdivision the research worker is traveling to sketch the research attack that will be taken for the proposed survey and the design that will be used. The research worker will so sketch the methods and tools of the proposed survey. Such as: instruments that will be used, the samples that will be used in the research, restrictions and boundary lines and besides ethical considerations that may originate when transporting out this piece of research. Purposes and Aims: Aim of this research is to look into factors which impact on instruction of RSE which is in the context of SPHE. In look intoing this subject the research worker aims to see what degree of cognition the pupils obtain in having RSE in the school scene. The writer aims to see what barriers may impact on successful instruction of RSE and overall to look into if it is the procedure of learning RSE instead than the content of the lesson which impacts on the pupils. Position: The research worker is taking an epistemic attack in footings of post-positivism. Post positivism is an epistemic place that promotes the application of the methods of the natural scientific disciplines to the survey of the societal world ( Grix, 2004 ) . Research paradigms are based on our apprehension of what we know about something and how we might garner information and cognition about it. There are three wide paradigms in which a paradigm refers to a form, Post-positivism lies between rationalist and interpretivist. Positivism and post-positivism are seen to portion a realist. The term pragmatism describes the paradigm between positivism and interpretivisim, which is a foundationalist epistemology. Positivism leans towards empirical pragmatism and post-positivism is interested in tilting towards critical paradigms. The research worker ‘s place in this piece of research is post-positivism. Post- positivism can be seen to stand for the traditional signifier of research and these premises harmonizing to Creswell ( 2009 ) keep true more for quantitative research than qualitative research. Harmonizing to Creswell ( 2009 ) post-positivists hold a deterministic doctrine in which causes likely determine effects or results. In the writers piece of research the writer will take to place the factors that influence learning RSE and measure the results in footings of positions on the RSE programme and cognition base of the pupils. â€Å" The cognition that develops through station rationalist lens is based on nonsubjective world that exists out at that place in the universe † Creswell ( 2009 ) By developing a study to mensurate the impact of factors that positively or negatively impact on bringing of RSE this is overriding for post-positivism because post-positivism sometimes trades with analyzing the behavior of persons. Harmonizing to Bowling and Ebrahim ( 2005 ) quantitative research is appropriate: â€Å" in state of affairss where there is pre bing cognition about the phenomena of involvement which permits the usage of standardized methods of informations, aggregation, such as the study. † Research design In carry oning this proposed piece of research a study design will be undertaken. In utilizing this design a quantitative attack will be used. The most common quantitative methods are studies, documental methods and observation and experiments. The quantitative method ensures accuracy dependability and cogency. Sarantakos ( 2005 ) showed the intent of quantitative is to demo variables and to bring forth figures which will in bend allow opinions as to the position of the variables in inquiry, because the research worker is utilizing a study this will let the research worker to summarize huge sums of information. In utilizing a study Creswell ( 2009 ) states that it provides a quantitative or a numeral description of tendencies, attitudes or sentiments of a population by analyzing a sample of that population. The research worker will take to utilize a cross sectional study in footings of a questionnaire to administer to four secondary schools. Cross sectional study was chosen as to rol l up informations at one point in clip. Methods/Tools and Analysis The research method that was chosen is quantitative. Quantitative attack was chiefly chosen because the writer wants to analyze the positions of the mark group which is passage twelvemonth pupils. A Quantitative survey is seen to supply attitudes and sentiments of the population by analyzing a sample of the mark group in inquiry. Due to the survey being on a little graduated table this mark group can non be generalised to all secondary schools. Method of roll uping informations that will be used will be a study in the signifier of a questionnaire. The writer will utilize both closed and opened ended inquiries as to give the writer a more informed position. In taking a study the research worker will be utilizing a cross sectional design with the informations collected at one point in clip. The ground for taking a study as opposed to other methods is so the research worker could roll up big sums of informations at one point in clip and by taking a cross sectional design it allows the research worker to roll up all informations together go forthing the research worker with sufficient sum clip to analyze the information. The population that was chosen is transition twelvemonth pupils from the ages of 15-16 old ages of age. The research worker felt that this was the best age group as the subject in inquiry is merely taught up to junior cert degree the pupils. This peculiar group would hold experienced the category for three old ages which is compulsory in all schools in the state ( Department of instruction and scientific discipline 2000 ) . The ground for these specific schools is because the first school the research worker attended and that is where the involvement of the subject originated. The ground for the limited figure of schools is chiefly based on clip restraints. Give the clip for choosing the subject and researching it at that place remained limited clip. The research worker felt that by merely choosing four secondary schools it will give a general position of the positions and sentiments of the pupils in relation to the inquiry being asked. This will let the writer to analyze the informa tion in the clip provided for completion. Timeline The writer in researching this subject has six months in which to finish this piece of research. First the research worker chose a subject of involvement and began to read about the subject. After this the research worker began to oppugn the subject of research this lead to the inquiry being asked. The ground for this piece of research is to happen out what factors impact on the instruction of RSE and necessarily is it the procedure of instruction or is the content that impacts on the pupils. Time Procedure 8 hebdomads Research of topic completion of Literature reappraisal 2 hebdomads Researching of inquiry for analyse 1 hebdomad Research of methods of transporting out questionnaires 1 hebdomad First bill of exchange of questionnaire 1week Second bill of exchange of questionnaire 1 twenty-four hours Reaching administrations for permission to administer questionnaires 4 yearss Personal distribution of questionnaires, Collection of questionnaires on the same twenty-four hours. 4 hebdomads Writing up of research attack and design 2 hebdomads Analyse of informations 2 hebdomads Writing up of methods and tools used 1 hebdomad Writing up ethical considerations 1 hebdomad Proof reading In finishing this piece of research in a six months timeframe the research worker feels that this is sufficient clip. Besides the college twelvemonth is spread over from the center of September to the terminal of May. In finishing this piece of research by April 2011 it gives the research worker clip for analyzing the information. Exams begin in May and the research worker could non finish this piece of research during the summer as all secondary schools will be on summer vacations get downing the terminal of May so the distribution of questionnaires would be impossible. Dependability and cogency Dependability refers to if the survey was carried out at one point in clip and it was done once more at another clip so it would demo the same consequences once more and once more. The research instrument plays a critical function because if there is any fluctuation in the research instrument this may ensue in giving one set of consequences at one clip and a different set of consequences at another juncture when there has been no existent alterations in the subject and points that are being measured. In utilizing dependable instruments it leads to the same consequences collected once more and once more and any differences in consequences collected through utilizing the instruments is wholly down to differences in things being measured. By taking a sample of a little size and a mix of different schools which would hold different ways in which they teach RSE the research worker would trust that this would do the consequences dependable. Cogency refers to the term that the methods that will be used are valid. In footings of research informations that will be collected in transporting out this research the informations collected should reflect the truth and besides reflect world. In utilizing questionnaires that will be filled out during category clip these are confidential and the participants would experience confident in replying the inquiries more candidly. This would intend that the consequences of the questionnaire would more likely be valid. Sample participants In taking participants the research worker chose random sampling. A list of secondary schools in a West Cork country was complied and it consisted of four secondary schools. The ground the research worker chose random sampling is because it involves choosing participants at random and may ensue in the sample stand foring a cross subdivision of a whole. In relation to this subject of survey the research worker feels that to include immense Numberss of participants is n’t executable because the writer does non hold adequate clip to reach all the secondary schools in the state to transport out this piece of research. To transport out this piece of research the research worker chose graded sampling. By using boundaries to the procedure of choice it leads to the application of entropy within the boundaries that have been applied. Harmonizing to Denscombe ( 2007 ) stratified trying can sometimes be a mixture of both random choice and choice on the footing of specific individuality or intent. The research worker felt that by utilizing the graded method the research worker will be able to hold more control over the choice of the sample. The population that was identified for this piece of research is that of four secondary schools in the West Cork country. The first secondary school that was chosen consists of 86 pupils the 2nd consists of 80 pupils the 3rd consists of 60 pupils and the 4th consisted of 76 pupils. The ground behind taking these schools was because they each had a big figure of passage twelvemonth pupils and the more pupils that may be willing to portion their positions. In transporting out this piece of research the research worker would take two categories in each school to make full out the questionnaire. The ground for this method is because each category consists of 12-14 pupils and in each school each category has a different RSE instructor. The ground for taking two categories is due to having information on the positions of pupils in one category and comparing it with that of pupils of another. Instruments used and process For this piece of research the survey involved the development of a questionnaire to administer to four secondary schools. In deriving permission to administer the questionnaires the research worker will first direct a missive to each school sketching who the research worker is and what degree the research worker is making. It will so explicate the rubric of the research and its intent. Besides the research worker will include how long the questionnaire will take to be filled out. Included in this missive will be inside informations of a proposed phone call to the school from the research worker to perchance set up a day of the month as to when the questionnaires could be filled out. The research worker will besides include contact inside informations if the school has any questions. A transcript of the questionnaire will besides be included with the missive. In transporting out the research the research worker will personally manus present the questionnaires as the schools in inquiry are near to where the research worker lives. By utilizing this method the research worker would be able to cover two schools in one twenty-four hours which would ensue in the procedure taking two yearss in entire. The research worker chose this option because it was n’t really clip consuming and it is cost effectual as two schools are in the same town and the staying two schools are in neighboring towns. Besides the research worker would non hold to wait for the return of the questionnaires which might take some clip as instructors may be busy with other categories and may non hold clip to manus them out to their pupils and return them by station. By pealing the school and happening out what category clip would accommodate the school and it does n’t needfully hold to be SPHE category clip because passage twelvemonth pupils have more free catego ry clip so other old ages. The research worker would set up a clip with the school and administer the questionnaires. Datas analysis The method of informations that will be used to analyze the informations collected from the distribution of the questionnaire will be the computing machine system SPSS. SPSS stands for â€Å" Statisical merchandise and service solutions. In utilizing this system it involves come ining the inquiries that will be asked in the questionnaire and the information that will be collected from those inquiries will so be entered into this computing machine system. After come ining all the information into the system the research worker will so be able to acquire descriptive informations from the system. This will be in the signifier of saloon charts to stand for the determination from the questionnaires. This will let the research worker to see whether there are relationships organizing from the four different schools sing the pupil ‘s positions and sentiments. If any similarities are recognised so they can be observed and highlighted. The findings that may be highlighted after analyzin g the informations that may impact on the instruction of RSE and impact on pupils sing its content and besides what changes the pupils may propose to better if any the RSE execution in the schoolroom. Restrictions and boundary lines One restriction that the research worker found was when developing the questionnaire. Harmonizing to Parahoo ( 2006 ) there is no chance to inquire respondents to clear up or lucubrate more on their replies. Equally good as that the research worker is a pupil and the methods used may non be every bit advanced because the pupil is new to the field of research. Likewise respondents may non understand to the full which may take to the respondents construing the inquiries otherwise from the research worker which may take to some confusion amongst the research worker when analyzing the information collected. A boundary line of the research is that the short clip the research worker has to carry on the survey. Due the clip constraint the research worker chose a little sample in one county opposed to more counties being included in the survey. This confined the research to merely utilizing four secondary schools in the county taking a little sample doing the response rate lower than would be got from a larger figure of schools. Ethical considerations The research will be utilizing kids in the survey to reply questionnaires. The participants in the survey will be aged 15-16. It is really of import that the participants are cognizant and understand the nature of the survey and besides that each single participant replies are confidential. The participants will be given a consent signifier to subscribe from at that place school to because they are under 18. This ensures the participant ‘s right will be protected when roll uping the information. In composing a screen missive to the principal of each school this ensures that the participants would go cognizant of the nature of the survey by clearly sketching the ground for the research and attaching a transcript of the questionnaire to guarantee that the inquiries being asked are appropriate for passage twelvemonth pupils and besides to acquire blessing from the principal. A transcript of a concent signifier will besides be attached with the screen missive. The missive would bes ides include who the research worker is and the benefits of the research and a contact figure if there are any questions. Confidentiality is really of import in any research. In guaranting confidentiality this may profit the research as it may take to the participants replying the inquiries candidly. Harmonizing to Parahoo ( 1997 ) confidentiality of all information collected from all participants must be respected. After the research worker gathers all questionnaires the information will be unbroken private and secure. The information will be represented with codifications instead than utilizing the schools original names. All the questionnaires that will be used will be coded with mention to Numberss instead than the names of the school and the name in each school. When all the information is collected and the consequences are analysed it is of import that the consequences are represented reasonably and candidly and bias from the research worker will be avoided. When the research worker will analyze the informations the research worker will guarantee that no names will be used in the procedure of analysis so this will guarantee the namelessness of the participants. The research worker will besides guarantee the linguistic communication used in the questionnaire will non incorporate any prejudice against the schools used in the survey and the research worker. 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Knowledge of Management Tools and Systems †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge of Management Tools and Systems. Answer: Introduction This report aims to identify and resolve the issues regarding talent management and gaining necessary information or knowledge that are troubling the organization AureconSG to carry out their daily business operations in Singaporean Market. The chief purpose of this report is to shed light on the strength and possible weaknesses of the analytical model framework and tools to identify the limitations of them to identify the macro and micro environmental advantages and disadvantages of the business organization. In this report a research on the company along with the industry has been executed and relevant information on the business is also incorporated. AureconSG is an engineering consultancy firm that is headquartered at Australia and South Africa. The management of the organization has also expanded their business in the market of Singapore, New Zealand and Middle East. The operations or the services of the business organization includes digital advisory, management regarding environmental issues along with integrated planning to quench the needs of the numerous business organizations and the requirements of the government.l tools This section of the report discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using frameworks and models like VRIO, pestle and porter 5 to analyze various risk factors that AureconSG are experiencing or will face in future. Advantages and disadvantages of porter 5 model The framework porter 5 is a model that is used to get necessary information related to the attractiveness of the organization by identifying numerous forces of the industry by knowing the interacting among those to evaluate thelikelihood of the profitability within the industry (Albert and Grzeda 2015). In contemporary economy there has been a major change in the market from the 80s and the stability of the market got decreased in a significant manner. Porter 5 model has two chief inadequacies in this regard and one of them is present in its composition. It can be said that as a model that is static, porter 5 offers a snapshot of the industry in a wide scale and therefore it can be used to strategize for successfully attaining the short term goals. While strategizing for the long time, it can be said that porter 5 model will not be as helpful as it was for short term planning (Okanga and Drotskie 2015). Secondly, it can be said that when the management of the organization tries to apply the model to a specific business organization than on the whole industry that is a major mistake; and for that it would be helpful for the management use SWOT as an analytical tool (Melanderet al. 2016). To make strategic planning to run a business organization successfully it can be said that Vrio can be a useful tool. Vrio framework helps to get the relevant and important information to attain the competitive advantage in a market that is steeped with fierce rivalry (Albert and Grzeda 2015). Thus, it can be said that vrio framework helps the managements of the business organizations to examine the internal environment to locate the resources in oder to evaluate those. Therefore it can be said that the results attained from utilizing vrio framework can help the management to gain the necessary competitive advantage. To identify the disadvantages of using vrio framework it can be said that while analyzing the result breaks down into numerous segments and makes the process complex(Bertozzi, Ali and Gul 2016). It is seen that while creating efficiencies vrio as an analytical tool does not offer the management of the organization to relate each and every activities in a sequence that could lead to lose the sight of how many activities of the organization can actually relate to each other. Advantage and disadvantages of pestle Pestle framework is important to analyze and identify the opportunities and threats that the management of the organisation is facing in contemporary times. This framework is important as it helps the management to eradicate the issues that are challenging for the organisation and to develop the mode of business operation to ensure increased profitability and productivity (Erasmus et al. 2016). Pestle framework helps the management of the organisation to get relevant insight to get to know the macro environment. One of the major advantages of using pestle framework is that it direct and easy to understand. Apart from these, this particular framework allows the managements of various organisations to notice the environmental changes in a swift manner (Bertozzi, Ali and Gul 2016). To explain the limitations of pestle analysis it can be said that pestle analysis is to be done in a frequent manner and otherwise it would not be possible to identify the small changes in the macro environment that might appear harmful for the business organisation (Agwu and Onwuegbuzie 2017). The evaluation of the macro environment using pestle framework should be done in a way that is immensely critical and unbiased as otherwise it may lead to a wrong strategic decision making by the management of the organization (Bertozzi, Ali and Gul 2016). Apart from that, it can be said that pestle framework helps only to analyze the external environment and does not help to gather information that other analyzing tools or frameworks provide(Okanga and Drotskie 2015). A pestle analysis is hugely dependent on the accumulated data of the researcher that is variable. Apart from that pestle analysis is also dependent on the predictions and assumptions that is not always accurate(Melanderet al. 20 16). Thus it can be said that pestle analysis would not be adequate to analyze the factors to successfully run the operations of Aurecon as well as for other business organizations. Hence, it can be said that the managing body of AureconSg can utilize the analytical tools like VUCA, 7s and various dynamic capability frameworks rather than porter 5, pestle and vrio framework. This particular framework or strategy can be utilized for defining the soft and difficult elements that are inherent in the management of the businesses. These elements that are difficult can be identified and explained and the implication of those elements is a fact that can surely be manipulated (Albert and Grzeda 2015). For an example, it can be said that the management of AureconSg has implemented the strategies without introducing latest technologies in the workplace that can depend on the system and the structure of the business organization. It can be said that IT system and the formal business process of a particular organization can be tagged as the difficult elements and on the other hand, the intangible factors that administer the business organization can be labeled as soft elements (Melanderet al. 2016). The economists and business analysts opines that without the presence of the hard elements a business organization would not be able to develop further. It can also be s aid that the soft elements of a business organization is also important just as the hard elements are; because the soft elements define the values and cultures of the business organization, which are applied in the soft elements. It is seen that the major aspects of those application of 7s strategy is that each and every element that are present in a business organization has to be interrelated. Thus it can surely be said that absence of any of these elements can make a business organization crumble down to pieces and in the particular case of AureconSG it can be said that the soft elements implications are done as effectively as the staffs, values and skills are present as asset of the company (Melanderet al. 2016). It can be aid that the reason behind the success that the management of Aurecon has achieved is because, the management of the organization depends on the professional skills of the workforce. The Blue Ocean strategy is applied in the business organization so that it can effectively identify a business that experiences lesser pressure than the competitors of the organization who are operating in the same market (Okanga and Drotskie 2015). It can also be said that Blue Ocean identifies which business organizations pricing strategy is not implemented in the market of operation. It is seen that Blue Oceans application in numerous business organizations and industries across the global market is significant. The utility of this strategy is not at all restrained to any specific type of business and it can be seen as one o the major and effective strategies that can define most of the managements of the business organizations. In contemporary market where the rivalry is fierce, it is seen thatthe managements of the business organizations can operate with a lot of pressure from the rival business organizations to get more market share. The overall production of a business organiz ation can face some challenges while applying the pressure of the pricing. Thus this types of situations can define the ways which the management of AureconSG can choose to fight the market pressure. In this particular context, blue ocean strategies can provide various growth opportunities in the market of operation and these opportunities significantly help to get more market share than the rival organizations in the same business. In the particular case of AureconSG it is seen that the management of the organization experiences somewhat lesser threats in the market of operation because they are currently one of the best engineering consultancy agencies in the market of Singapore. Apart from that, professional skills of their workforce are much superior to the capability of the workers of the other rival organizations operating in the same market. It is a matter of fact that,AureconSG currently facing fierce rivalries from business organizations like Deloitte, KPMG and PricewaterhouseCoopers that operate in the same market where AureconSg operates. This is because the other organizations do not have the necessary resources to compete with an organization like AureconSG. The managements of business organizations to create a strategic leadership for the business utilize VUCA framework. it is a matter of fact that nowadays every business organizations will be needing to use VUCA framework to analyze the uncertainty, complexity, volatility and the ambiguity that are present in the business operation. It can be said that inadequacy of the predictability might be emerged from the chiefly for the presence of various external factors of the business operation. Itcan be said that in majority times the fear to accept the reality makes the organization to fail production wise. In this way the managements of the business organizations can look at their present and future condition that can be analyzed utilizing VUCA framework. Particularly for Aurecon, it canbe said that application of VUCA as an analytical tool would help the management to to retain the competitive advantage and for an example, it can be said that various factors that may appear to be volatile for the organization are financial condition of Singapore and the infrastructure of the company. These isues add to the realization of the factors of uncertainty that are present in the economy. Thus for an example, it can be said that the financial condition of Singapore is good but there are ample chances that it may drop significantly. Thus it would be useful to consider the factors that may contribute to the decrease in the productivity and the profitability of the business organization. it can be said that the ventures full of uncertainty in which sectors the management of Aurecon needs to work on are the changes in the laws of the country they are operating. Therefore it would be important to diversify the products they are offering in the mar ket and also to make sure that the policies of the organizations are kept unchanged. Volatility 1 Nature of change required 2 Score based on Aurecon: 3 Complexity 1 Creation of confused environment 2 Score based on Aurecon: 2 Uncertainty 1 Acceptance of uncertainty 2 Score based on Aurecon: 4 Ambiguity 1 Gain experience from the uncertainty 2 Score based on Aurecon: 5 Table 1: VUCA analysis It can be said that the dynamic capability of the business organizations mean the ability of the managements of the business organizations to change and sustain the basic resources of the company. Dynamic capability might be linked with ability of the management to reconfigure, integrate and to build the internal and external changes and level of competencies of the organization. in the way in which the management adapts to the market of operation can very well describe the required factors for effective management or the business organization. It is experienced that the idea of dynamic capabilities is somewhat likewise to the notion of operational capabilities. Comparing and constrastingAureconSG with its rival organization Alpha consultancy firm that has fierce rivalry with AureconSg and currently the business of Alpha is going pretty well in the market of Singapore. Alpha as a business organization was established in the year of 1995 and has secured a share in the market of engineering consultancy since then and earned a reputation in the market of Singapore. The managing body of Alpha have utilized various analytical tools like 7s, Blue Ocean and VUCA framework to successfully identify the internal and external factors that may harm or challenge the business organization in future along with using analytical tools like pestle swot and vrio framework(Bertozzi, Ali and Gul 2016). Thus it can be said that the management of Alpha gains a competitive advantage in the market in this way and they can secure more productivity and profitability in the oddest times. The management of Alpha engineering have applied 7s strategic tool to locate the capabilities that the organization process along with the other competitors in the market of operation. It can be said that the values and cultures of the business organization helps to believe that the policies of the organization are inclined to deliver quality service and products to their customers to achieve a good reputation in the market of operation (Okanga and Drotskie 2015). The interrelation between all the factors of the company actually helps the management to get to know the capabilities of the workforce and the management and it is seen that the effectiveness of the workforce of Alpha is commendable (Mauree and Geneletti 2017). It can surely be said that it is necessary for the management to make sure that they develop the competency of their workers in a way so that it can help them to gain the competitive advantage over their rivals in the market. The primary effort that the management o f the organization has put in is to understand the intangible forces and so that the management can improve their system of doing business. It can be said that the organizations developing the system of doing business can effectively help the organization to acquire the deserved recognition in the market of operation and that can ensure the success of the organization. Alpha engineering has already experienced various challenges in the market of Singapore and thus the management of the organization currently solely depends on applying the VUCA framework to focus more on the reputation of the organization. unlike the management of Aurecon, the management of Alpha does not have the required resources or capability but the organization faces volatility factors significantly (Mauree and Geneletti 2017). It can be said that Alphas business only operates in the market of Singapore and that gives them a competitive advantage being a domestic company. The factor of complexity states that the way that the management of Alpha chooses to carry out their operation. It is a matter of fact that the management of Alpha made it harder to ensure more productivity as they are in the uncertainty zone. The good signs are that experience can be gathered over time and in the manner they are moving orward nowadays they will surely become a leading company in Singaporean market. thus a VUCA framework is present on the scale of 0 to 5. Volatility 1 Changing economic condition Score based on Alpha: 5 Complexity 1 Nature of approaching work Score based on Alpha: 2 Uncertainty 1 Lack of prediction Score based on Alpha: 4 Ambiguity 1 Opportunities for recognition in the local market Score based on Alpha: 5 Table 2 VUCA analysis The above analysis shows that Aurecon is less successful in the market of Singapore due to several factors. The Porters Model analysis shows that the engineering sector of Sinagpore is extremely competitive with emergence of resident companies like Alpha. Alpha being a Singaporean company would obviously get more preference from the government of Singapore. Moreover, the Alpha would have more knowledge about the market opportunities (VUCA analysis) which would allow it to make more strategically appropriate decision making compared to foreign engineering companies like Aurecon. This analysis shows that Aurecon suffers from several weaknesses like obtaining of preferential benefits from the government of Singapore and limited knowledge about the market compared to the resident Singaporean companies. These factors attribute to limited success of Aurecon in the market of Singapore compared to its resident market, Australia. The pricing of Aurecon is high due to several reason which can be again attribuited to its foreign origin. First, the company operates in both Australia and Singapore which means that the company has to pay taxes to both the governments. For example, the tax policies in Singapore, the resident companies enjoy tax benefits like Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreement which non-resident companies do not enjoy (Iras.gov.sg, 2018). This means that Aurecon has to pay a tax of 30 percent to the Australian Government and another high rate of tax to the government of Singapore. These high expenditures of taxation add to the cost of production of the company which is expressed through its high pricing. Moreover, the cost of complying with the legal frameworks of both Australia and Singapore (PESTLE) furthers ups the pricing of the company. The resident Singaporean companies like Alpha are able to keep their prices low due to the tax concessions they enjoy from the Singaporean government. These differences of advantages enjoyed by the Singaporean companies in contrast to the foreign companies result in the high pricing for the latter. The foreign companies like Aurecon are less effective, productive and efficient compared to their resident Singaporean counterparts. As pointed out in the VUCA framework, the foreign companies like Aurecon have limited knowledge of the Singaporean market and their high tax expenditure add to their costs of operations. They as a result have to charge high prices for their services to diversify their massive costs of operations. The Singaporean companies on the other hand can keep their charges comparatively low owing their lowered cost of production due to tax concessions. The customers in Singapore as result find the service offers of resident Singaporean companies like Alpha more profitable. Moreover, resident companies have more knowledge about the cultural perceptions of the client companies like Singapore. This comparison clearly points out that the foreign companies like Aurecon are less productive and efficient in the Singaporean market owing to their high costs of operations, limited knowledge and customer support (Austrade.gov.au, 2018) The organizational structural differences also attribute to the limited efficiency of the foreign companies in Singapore compared to the resident Singaporean companies like Alpha. The foreign companies like Aurecon have tall organizational structure as shown below (Aurecongroup.com, 2018). The structure assigns one single line of business to control the vast market of Middle East and Asia. This resource allocation cannot exploit the vast market of Asia successfully. This hinders smooth decision making in terms of booming markets like Singapore in these companies. This lack of dynamic decision making results in inefficient operations in foreign companies like Aurecon. They do not want to change because their tall structure actually support their multinational operations. Aurecon can learn from foreign companies belonging to diverse industries to adapt to the market conditions of Singapore. The company should bring about innovations in its organizational structure and adapt to market needs. The company can also adopt the ways in which pharmaceutical companies, of which majority are of foreign origin have adapted to Asian markets like India (Blue Ocean Strategies). They should use cheaper manufacturing models adapted to the Singaporean market requirements to create new value chains. They use the introduce products based on the clients requirements of Singapore and conduct analysis like 7S and Blue Ocean Strategy as shown above. Conclusion It can be said that the acceptance of AureconSG is immense in the market of Singapore and they can sustain their competitiveness in Sigapore. 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