The Chemistry and History of Silly Putty

Silly Putty is an amazing stretchy toy thats sold in a plastic egg. In the modern era, you can find many different types of Silly Putty, including types that change colors and glow in the dark. The original product was actually the result of an accident. Silly Putty History James Wright, an engineer at General Electrics New Haven laboratory, may have invented silly putty in 1943 when he accidentally dropped boric acid into silicone oil. Dr. Earl Warrick, of the Dow Corning Corporation, also developed a bouncing silicone putty in 1943. Both GE and Dow Corning were trying to make an inexpensive synthetic rubber to support the war effort. The material resulting from the mixture of boric acid and silicone stretched and bounced farther than rubber, even at extreme temperatures. As an added bonus, the putty copied newspaper or comic-book print. An unemployed copywriter named Peter Hodgson saw the putty at a toy store, where it was being marketed for adults as a novelty item. Hodgson bought the production rights from GE and renamed the polymer Silly Putty. He packaged it in plastic eggs because Easter was on the way and introduced it at the International Toy Fair in New York in February of 1950. Silly Putty was a lot of fun to play with, but practical applications for the product werent found until after it became a popular toy. How Silly Putty Works Silly Putty is a viscoelastic liquid or non-Newtonian fluid. It acts primarily as a viscous liquid, though it can have properties of an elastic solid, too. Silly Putty is primarily polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). There are covalent bonds within the polymer, but hydrogen bonds between the molecules. The hydrogen bonds can be readily broken. When small amounts of stress are slowly applied to the putty, only a few of the bonds are broken. Under these conditions, the putty flows. When more stress is applied quickly, many bonds are broken, causing the putty to tear. Lets Make Silly Putty! Silly Putty is a patented invention, so specifics are a trade secret. One way to make the polymer is by reacting dimethyldichlorosilane in diethyl ether with water. The ether solution of the silicone oil is washed with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The ether is evaporated off. Powdered boric oxide is added to the oil and heated to make the putty. These are chemicals the average person doesnt want to mess with, plus the initial reaction can be violent. There are safe and easy alternatives, though, that you can make with common household ingredients: Silly Putty Recipe #1 This recipe forms a slime with a thicker consistency, similar to that of putty. Solution of 55% Elmers glue solution in waterSolution of 16% sodium borate (Borax) in waterFood coloring (optional)Ziploc bags Mix together 4 parts of the glue solution with one part of the borax solution. Add food coloring, if desired. Refrigerate the mixture in the sealed bag when not in use. Silly Putty Recipe #2 The glue and starch recipe may also be seen as a slime recipe by some people, but the materials behavior is much like that of putty. 2 Parts Elmers white glue1 Part liquid starch Gradually mix the starch into the glue. More starch may be added if the mixture seems too sticky. Food coloring may be added if desired. Cover and refrigerate the putty when not in use. This putty can be pulled, twisted, or cut with scissors. If the putty is left to rest, it will pool out, like a thick liquid. Things to Do With Silly Putty Silly putty bounces like a rubber ball (except higher), will break from a sharp blow, can be stretched, and will melt into a puddle after a length of time. If you flatten it and press it over a comic book or some newspaper print, it will copy the image. Bouncing Silly Putty If you shape Silly Putty into a ball and bounce it off a hard, smooth surface it will bounce higher than a rubber ball. Cooling the putty improves its bounce. Try putting the putty in the freezer for an hour. How does it compare with warm putty? Silly Putty can have a rebound of 80%, meaning it can bounce back to 80% of the height from which it was dropped. Floating Silly Putty The specific gravity of Silly Putty is 1.14. This means it is denser than water and would be expected to sink. However, you can cause Silly Putty to float. Silly Putty in its plastic egg will float. Silly putty shaped like a boat will float on the surface of the water. If you roll Silly Putty into tiny spheres, you can float them by dropping them into a glass of water into which you have added a little vinegar and baking soda. The reaction produces bubbles of carbon dioxide gas, which will stick to the spheres of putty and cause them to float. As the gas bubbles fall off, the putty will sink. The Solid Liquid You can mold Silly Putty into a solid form. If you chill the putty, it will hold its shape longer. However, Silly Putty isnt really a solid. Gravity will take its toll, so any masterpiece you sculpt with Silly Putty will slowly soften and run. Try sticking a glob of Silly Putty to the side of your refrigerator. It will stay as a glob, showing your fingerprints. Eventually, it will start to ooze down the side of the refrigerator. There is a limit to this -- it wont run like a drop of water. However, Silly Putty flows.

Sales Ethics Essay example - 1344 Words

Sales Ethics What are they and how can they be better Followed? To fully understand the nature of the question posed one must know the meaning of ethics. Webster’s dictionary defines ethics as the philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it; moral philosophy, the moral fitness of a decision, course of action, etc. Basically, I believe ethics is how one makes a decision according to the social norm that surrounds him. The social norm includes not only the culture but the laws and standard procedures of the environment. These laws and norms must be fully understood before one can understand the ethical significance of one’s decision.†¦show more content†¦If a frog is thrown into a pot of boiling water, the frog will kick, struggle, and fight to get out of the water. If a frog is put in a pot of room-temperature water and the heat is slowly turned up, you end up with frog soup. The frog will not even know what hit him. Workplace ethics are as invisible in subm ersion in organizational culture as the frog in gradually boiled water. When the corrosion finally grows to the avalanche that Enron saw, it often grabs everyone by surprise-just like the frog that finds hes boiled. (Ross, William; Robertson, Diana, 2003) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Why does this happen? Why don’t salesmen just record what they have actually done instead of doctoring books or changing orders? For one a lot of pressure is put on salesmen. Foremost among the firms agents who manage the economic and ethical boundaries with the firms customers are its salespeople. Most firms selling to organizational customers and many firms selling quot;big ticketquot; consumer products rely on their sales force to connect to the customer and the market. In such cases, the salesperson represents the firm to most, if not all, of its downstream stakeholders: customers, channel members, and even competitors. As the primary boundary spanner between the firm and its customers, the salesperson faces a constant barrage of decision-making about ethical issues. (Meyer, Charlene, 2003) A lot of pressure is put on sales people. They haveShow MoreRelatedSales Ethics And Sales Cultures Essay1800 Words   |  8 PagesSales Ethics and Sales Cultur es Sales Ethics Sales ethics in business refers to the use of a professional approach to customers, members of the regulatory bodies, colleagues, and competitors. Sales team is faced with a variety of situations that require the application of ethical practices. Some examples include a customer asking for information about one of their competitors who happens to be their customer, a customer asking for something special that a salesperson is not allowed to give away,Read MoreSales and Ethics1058 Words   |  5 PagesDate: December 2, 2014 RE: Ethics and Sales Assignment This memo concerns my ethics and sales assignment for ABM 222. 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In New York City it was revealed that his true calling was working as a salesman. He sold everything from televisions, microwaves and Whirlpool appliances; he ascended to become general sales manager. In 1963 he left to form Oreck Corporation. Since Whirlpool wasn’t successful of its upright vacuumRead MoreWho Is Victoria s Secret? Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesthere I have learned a lot about selling, customer service, and their point of sales system. I have learned about the job very quickly and excelled in my time there and I was offered a full-time position. There are around 200 or so employees at my job, almost 20 of them being managers and about 15 being supervisors, so the regular employees have them outnumbered. Our company has an open door policy and also an ethics hotline, they are very serious with the way that they treat their employees. 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Whodunit free essay sample

My grandma is the reason I’m a night owl instead of an early bird. She’s the reason the light from my room shines through the crack under my door after my family is tucked away, snoring, in bed. I acquired the habit of staying up into the small hours of the morning during my annual two-week visits with my grandparents over the summer when, one night, my grandma introduced me to TV shows about crime, murder, and mystery. I would have never thought that my grandma—the same woman who went to church twice a week, who had found all my tickle spots as a child, and who read romance novels with a passion—would enjoy watching investigators solve brutal murders or search for missing children. At first, I was just happy to be able to stay up past midnight; however, I soon began to love crime dramas as much as my grandma and eventually learned all the acronyms: CSI, NCIS, SVU. We will write a custom essay sample on Whodunit? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a result of our shared interest, we grew closer, and our relationship grew stronger. We would spend commercial breaks talking about our crazy family or joking about the ridiculous infomercials and reality shows. I began to understand the attraction these shows held for her: it was reassuring to watch the bad guy get caught. With each new episode she would try to figure out which character had committed the crime before the criminal investigators did, and it wasn’t long before I was trying to identify the offender before she could. In order to win these competitions I had to be aware and suspicious of any new characters that were introduced throughout the show because sometimes even the most seemingly innocent person would be revealed as the killer. Since the lines were scripted, the people were actors, and the crime scenes were staged, I became adept at recognizing the minute details hidden within each show that hinted toward the criminal. This required me to be curious a nd observant, two qualities that have heavily impacted my life. Over the years, when faced with decisions, my curiosity has led me to choose the path that is less familiar to me. My curiosity about new experiences was a major factor in my decision to attend an International Baccalaureate school; when I excitedly tore open the acceptance letter, I thought, â€Å"Well, if I go and don’t like the program, I can always come back to my home school, but if I don’t go I’ll always be curious about what it would have been like.† Upon my arrival at an IB school, my observant nature combined with my curiosity helped me to remain engaged and eager to learn in every class. Without the late night sessions with my grandma trying to discern which character was guilty, time that I am truly grateful for, these qualities would not be so pronounced a part of my personality. I continue watching these crime dramas at home—a habit that appalls my mother—so I can talk about them on the phone with my grandma and resume watching them with her when I visit each summer. Overall, our shared enjoyment of these shows has allowed our relationship to evolve from that of a child and her care-taking grandma to that of a teenager and her friend, and has allowed my inquisitive personality to flourish with each new crime to solve.

The Legalization Of Marijuana Has Been A Long Debated Subject In Ameri Essay Example For Students

The Legalization Of Marijuana Has Been A Long Debated Subject In Ameri Essay ca since the 1970s. The pro-marijuana society in America has made several claims as to how marijuana can help cure or lessen the effect of some diseases and that by legalizing the drug; the use of pot will actually decline. The fact of the matter is that marijuana is a drug that can be placed into a similar category as cocaine or heroine. Like these other drugs, pot (marijuana) smoking carries with it serious side effects that can effect the user forever, and sometimes-even cause death. Marijuana was first cultivated in America during the colonial time period and was used as a fiber for rope and even clothing. The plant was not used for its psychoactive properties until 1910, when Mexican farmers began smuggling it across the boarder for poor black and Mexican workers in the Southern states (Abood Me 202). By the 1930s marijuana was widespread throughout the U.S., before the Federal Government in 1937 outlawed the use of it. However, marijuana use continued to spread, even with these restrictions and in 1970 the Controlled Substance Act was passed. This act basically categorized marijuana as being a harmful and addictive drug. Presently, marijuana use, especially among teenagers is on the rise once again. Pro-marijuana advocates must ask themselves the question that if marijuana is so great, why is it causing so much damage to the body? Marijuana is comprised of cured leaves and flower clusters from the hemp plant called Cannabis sativa. Cannabis sativa is known as a psychedelic drug because it creates a break from reality. The chemicals found in marijuana are actually much more harmful than chemicals found in other addicting drugs, such as those found in tobacco. The inhalation of any kind of smoke is unhealthy, whether it is in cigarettes or joints (marijuana). The particles found in the smoke of joints and cigarettes collect in the lungs and over time can cause damage. The marijuana plant has over 400 known chemicals that break down into some 4,000 when smok ed (Zweben Je 123). Only a few of these chemicals, such as THC, create the actual high that pot smokers look to for their enjoyment, but the many of the others are toxins, or poisons that have been proven to cause cancer. One such cancer-causing chemical is called a carcinogen. An average joint contains 30 monograms of carcinogen in comparison with an average cigarette, which contains only 21 monograms (Kleber 4). Carcinogen has been proven to break down a gene that controls the growth of cells and over time makes the lungs 70% more susceptible to lung cancer. The way that marijuana cigarettes are smoked- by inhaling and holding the smoke in the lungs creates an even greater risk for exposure to these poisonous chemicals. Other cases are quickly developing that show chronic marijuana users also develop mouth or larynx cancer. If such a drug can cause such devastating health problems, then why legalize it?Besides causing cancer, other long-term side effects can occur. Flu like sympto ms can occur that includes eating disorders, chronic bronchitis, and mood swings that may not dissipate for up to 18 months. There is also the psychological effect that marijuana has on the user. Many studies have shown that long time users who tried to quit could not do so, not necessarily because of a powerful withdrawal like that of crack cocaine, but because they missed the actual high that marijuana offered. The high is actually causing mental problems as well. Studies done have shown that pot smoking can cause short term memory loss, as well as creating a sort of fog in the mind of the user. More serious mental effects include depression and suicide. As one doctors journal stated: It is generally agreed that there is a progressive increase in depressed mood from abstainer to substance user and a corresponding increase in suicide attempts.(Berman 313) A final problem that marijuana poses is that it is considered a gateway drug. A gateway drug is one that leads to the use of hig her risk substances like cocaine. In a recent study, children (ages 12-17) were 266 times more likely to use cocaine after using gateway drugs then those who did not (Alaskans for a Drug Free Youth Summer). Promoting a drug that can potentially lead to the use of even worse drugs, is not the right way to go about fixing the problems of everyday America. .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 , .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .postImageUrl , .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 , .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:hover , .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:visited , .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:active { border:0!important; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:active , .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: International Business Law, Go Essay We will write a custom essay on The Legalization Of Marijuana Has Been A Long Debated Subject In Ameri specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many pro-marijuana advocates are pushing for the legalization of marijuana strictly for medical purposes. They feel that through certain studies, marijuana can help improve patients with certain diseases. The idea that marijuana can do more good than harm has been proven a worthless theory. One obvious way marijuana can not be effective was explained earlier when it was stated that smoking marijuana could be harmful to the lungs as well as other parts of the body. The reality is that this is very true and was backed by William M. Bennett M.D., who is listed in the Best Doctors in America. He remarked that The idea of using smoked marijuana containing carcinogens as medicine, particularly for patients who have suppressed immune systems like those with aids, should be unthinkable. Thus, prior to considering marijuana, one must abide by the old edict, first do no harm' (Kleber 6). In looking at this from a governmental position, the FDA never complied with the theory that one can smoke a medication. The United States Court of Appeals backed the FDA in 1992, by deciding that marijuana is not a medicine (http://). Several alternatives have also been available to avoid the smoking of marijuana. Chemicals such as THC, that are said to be needed for medical purposes can be found in oral forms. Nasal sprays and suppositories are just some suggestions that anti-marijuana advocates are pushing. These alternatives allow the patient to receive the needed THC without taking in the thousands of harmful chemicals found by smoking marijuana, which would be much less harmful to the body of the patient. Overall, there is a multitude of legitimate facts, from a wide array of researchers and doctors that prove marijuana is harmful. Several questions must be answered if the legalization of marijuana is to be taken with any seriousness. What kind of marijuana would be legal and who would it pertain to? Would it only come from the government? If one says that marijuana should only be legal for a medical purpose than vehicular trauma and DUI problems could not only increase but also a medical marijuana defense could easily be used (http://). Medical users of marijuana could smoke the drug and then drive or operate some type of machinery. If an accident did occur, the user could justify the accident with a medical excuse. How will it effect a teen-age society that continues to have a no big deal attitude toward smoking pot? How can one say that marijuana smoking will decline if more and more people are using it, and more people have a laxidasical attitude toward its use? These questions ar e at the very least, difficult to answer. They prove that the American society is in no way ready to think about legalizing marijuana.

Book Review on OVER HERE the first world war and American society essays

Book Review on OVER HERE the first world war and American society essays A good and nearly complete account of the happenings during the first nineteen months of the participation of United States in the First World War has been documented in "Over Here" by David Kennedy. The details in this book are between the period between April 2, 1917 when the war message was first given to Congress by Wilson and November 11, 1918 when the Armistice was signed, the book gives details of the political innovations, social disruptions and the cultural heritage of the experience of America There is a brief prologue which sets the stage, and then Kennedy plunges into the description of the war for the Americans, and the thoughts that accompanied the entry of US into the War. At the same time, one has to remember that Wilson had won the re-election in 1916 as he had promised to keep America out of the War, and this required him to make some explanations when the country got involved. In this case also Wilson applied the master strategy that he had used from the beginning to the end of his career - appealing directly to the people. This united their convictions, awakened their emotional energy and unleashed his massive The progressive community was a surprising assistant of Wilson in this involvement. This group had earlier viewed the war as regressive and a return to medieval violence, and thus a remnant of the feudal past of history. The exhortations of John Dewey and the New Republic awakened these people and they started supporting the war effort. The Great War was viewed as an important opportunity with a lot of possibilities for the society (49- 50). The other group of the conservatives always rally around the flag, and this war was no exception. With this the left and the right soon got involved into interpretations of the war in the schools and colleges ...

Italian Indefinite Pronouns (Pronomi Indefiniti)

Italian Indefinite Pronouns (Pronomi Indefiniti) Like indefinite adjectives (aggettivi indefiniti), in Italian indefinite pronouns (pronomi indefiniti) refer in general (rather than specific) terms to persons, places, or things without specifying the noun which they replace. Italian indefinite pronouns that can function as both pronouns and adjectives include: The regular indefinite pronouns (gli indefiniti regolari), i.e., those that have both a singular and plural form as well as a masculine and feminine form. alcuno- anyalquanto- somewhataltro- morecerto- somediverso- differentmolto- veryparecchio- somepoco- littletaluno- someonetanto- sotroppo- tootutto- allvario- various Di questi vasi alcuni sono grandi, altri piccoli.Some of these vessels are big, others are small. Diversi lasciarono la scuola definitivamente.Several left the school permanently. Molti sono partiti subito, certi il martedà ¬, solo pochi rimasero.Many left immediately, some on Tuesday, and only a few remained. Troppi parlano senza riflettere.Too many (people) talk without thinking. E non sa ancora tutto.He (she) still does not know everything. NOTE! The term tale/tali (such), which can function as both a pronoun and an adjective, only has a singular and plural form. The indefinite pronouns that have only a singular form. uno- aciascuno- eachnessuno- nobody, no one Venne uno a darci la notizia.Someone came to give us the news. A ciascuno il suo.To each his own. Nessuno ha preparato la colazione.No one has prepared the breakfast. Italian indefinite pronouns that function only as pronouns include: The indefinite invariable pronouns (gli indefiniti invariabili). alcunchà ©- anythingchecchà ©- whateverchicchessia- anyone, anybodychiunque- anyoneniente- nothingnulla- nothingqualcosa- something Non cà ¨ alcunchà © di vero in cià ² che dici.There is no truth in what you say. Checchà © tu ne dica, farà ² come credo.Whatever you may say (about it), I will do as I believe. Non dirlo a chicchessia.Do not tell anyone. A chiunque mi cerchi, dite che tornerà ² domani.If anyone is looking for me, tell them that Ill be back tomorrow. Niente di tutto cià ² à ¨ vero.None of this is true. Non serve a nulla gridare.There is no use shouting. Ha dimenticato di comprare qualcosa, ne sono sicuro!He forgot to buy something, Im sure! The indefinite pronouns that have only a singular form. ognuno- eachqualcuno- someone Ognuno à ¨ responsabile di sà © stesso.Everyone is responsible for himself. Qualcuno chiami un medico.Someone call a doctor. The indefinite pronouns nessuno, ognuno, chiunque, and chicchessia refer only to people: Nessuno (nobody, no one), when it precedes the verb, is used alone; when it follows the verb it is always reinforced by the negation non, which is placed before the verbal form. Nessuno puà ² condannarlo.No one can condemn him. Mio fratello non vide arrivare nessuno.My brother did not see anyone coming. Ognuno (everyone, everybody; each) is used to refer to each individual of a collection or group. Desidero parlare con ognuno di voi.I want to talk with each of you. Chiunque (anyone) is invariable and corresponds to qualunque persona (che); it can serve both as subject and complement (in two different clauses). È un libro che consiglio a chiunque abbia senso dellumorismo.It is a book that I recommend to anyone with a sense of humor. Chicchessia (anyone, anybody), infrequently used, corresponds to chiunque. Riferiscilo pure a chicchessia.Report it also to anyone. The indefinite pronouns qualcosa, niente, nulla, alcunchà ©, and checchà © are used only to refer to things: Qualcosa means one or more things. Per cena, qualcosa preparerà ².I will prepare something for dinner. Ti prego, dimmi qualcosa.Please tell me something. NOTE! The term qualcosa come corresponds to the expression allincirca (roughly). Ho vinto qualcosa come tre milioni.I won something like three million. Niente and nulla, negative indefinite pronouns (pronomi indefiniti negativi), mean nothing; if either term follows the verb they are accompanied by the negation non (which is placed before the verbal form). Niente à ¨ successo.Nothing happened. Non à ¨ successo niente.Nothing happened. Alcunchà © (anything), infrequently used, corresponds to qualcosa; in negative sentences it means nothing. Cera alcunchà © di curioso nel suo incedere.There was nothing strange in his gait. Non dire alcunchà © di offensivo.Do not say anything offensive. Checchà © (whatever), an obsolete form, is a compound pronoun (one indefinite and one relative); it has the meaning of anything that and serves as subject and complement. Checchà © Luigi dica, non mi convincer.Whatever Louis says, he couldnt convince me. The indefinite pronouns uno, qualcuno, alcuno, taluno, ciascuno, altro, troppo, parecchio, molto, poco, tutto, tanto, alquanto, and altrettanto are used to refer to people, animals, or things: Uno (a) indicates a person, animal, or thing in a generic way. Linformazione me lha data uno che non conosco.The information was given to me by someone I do not know. NOTE! Uni (the plural form of the pronoun uno) is used in conjunction with altri in phrases such as: Gli uni tacevano, gli altri gridavano.Some were silent, others were shouting. Qualcuno indicates a single person or a small amount, both for people as well as for things. Qualcuno mi ha telefonato, ma non so chi.Someone called me, but I do not know who. A qualcuno questo non piacer affatto.Some will not like it at all. Ne ho qualcuno di queste riproduzioni.I have some of these reproductions. NOTE! Essere qualcuno means to appear (from anonymity). È qualcuno nel suo campo.It is someone in your field.

BMW of Leadership and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

BMW of Leadership and Management - Essay Example This report will help the decision makers to evaluate the current and future positioning of the company under the company’s current market analysis with respect to its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The reports also highlights the structure, conduct and performance of the company’s human resources and finally recommend the strategic steps that can be taken for further improvements relating to management, development and implementation of organizational plan. ... At first, there were three companies named Rapp Motorenwerke, Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, and Fahrzeugfabrik. BMW group is the German’s largest automobile company. It came into being when these three companies amalgamated into a single automobile company established in 1917, almost 90 years back the business of the company started with the production of aircraft engines and now in the 21st century, it has expanded its business form the manufacturing of engines up to the complete vehicles. BMW group has the most famous and highly valued brands of the automobile industry named BMW, MINI, and Rolls-Royce. The head quarter of BMW group is present in Munich, Bavaria Germany. The head quarter controls and manages the overall performance of the company in over 150 countries (Schlegelmilch, Lehbrink, & Osterroth, 2011, pg 45-54). Size and Ownership The ownership of the company is in the hands of three personnel Stefan Quandt with 17.4% shares, Johanna Quandt with 16.7% shares and Susann e Klatten with 12.6% shares (Schlegelmilch, Lehbrink, & Osterroth, 2011, pg 56-67). Since its establishment, BMW group has focused on the excellence in engineering and it is the only reason that it has expanded its growth and profit margin as compare with its other competitors. BMW group has almost 12 research and development centers all over the world in order to realize the market trends and create innovative automobiles as required by the consumers. The credit of all of its success goes to the R&D and consumer informed innovations as on average basis the company invests 2300 pounds on each car for research and development. In 2007, BMW group splendidly increased its sale up to 8%, Rolls-Royce by 26% and Mini by 18% (Schlegelmilch,

EDLE 636 - Assignment 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EDLE 636 - Assignment 1 - Research Paper Example Human beings must be stewards of each other and safeguard the available resources so that future generations can enjoy it. Pastoral care is founded deep into their identity founded on a mutual relationship of profound respect. The Catholic identity utilises a variety of symbols, rituals and actions that are all used to express the various sacraments. In Australia, Catholics remain around one quarter of the population. There is a grounded belief that God is full of surprises and as such, people must strive to protect the catholic identity and learn from previous mistakes. Often, secularists have tried to remove religion from the public domain to private life in order to make it another area for consumer choice. Catholics do not believe in individual choices that reflect personal preferences unrelated to the truth as realized on their stand on the contraceptive pill and the post-war immigration. The contraceptive pill brought about a social revolution in the Western world. This was linked to the hope that abortion rates would fall drastically and children would only be conceived when it was convenient. This pill however simply liberated sexual activity from procreation making it a recreational right for adults. It has escalated divorce rates separating children from the ones they love. It is for these reasons that the Catholic identity has distanced itself from the use of contraceptives because of its belief that sexual activity should be a pure affair between a man and his wife. The Catholic identity believes in sacraments that are meant to allow a person realize in word and deed, the message of Gods Kingdom within itself. It proposes universality and inclusiveness in understanding Gods word. It takes Jesus as its exemplar and guide drawing inspiration from the life, death and resurrection of Jesus. That Catholic identity respects all life as being equally precious in the eyes of God and invites all to

Teens in Therapy Essay Example for Free

Teens in Therapy Essay Richard Bromfield, PH. D, is a psychologist, he is also a faculty member at the Harvard Medical School, and he specializes in therapy with children and adolescents. He is a writer and wrote several best sellers about children, adolescents and psychotherapy. This book is one of Bromfield’s many award winning writings. Introduction The book I chose to review for this assignment is entitled: Teens in Therapy: Making It on their own: Engaging Adolescents in Successful Therapy for Responsible Lives, by author Richard Bromfield. This book offers therapeutic advice and key insights into overcoming difficult clinical terrain. I selected this book based on my passion and fervor for working with adolescents. It is my belief that working with adolescents and being quite young myself would be a challenge. This book’s key focus is to help clinicians engage adolescents in therapy as most individuals are coerced into the activity, and are reluctant at giving their all during therapy sessions. The backbone of the book consists of clinical case material, which explores real stories, and events that take place in most therapeutic sessions. Bromfield uses adolescents and their stories as authors of the book, as their experiences shape the stories making them vivid and noteworthy. The books content is highly comprehensible, realistic, intellectual, and honest. It caters to an audience of beginner therapist, as it explores the essentials of adolescent therapy without jargon or over reliance of theory. Critique â€Å" Only when people realize what is in their lives can they make decisions to continue their old ways or choose active paths towards change. † (Pg. ) this was one of the many quotes that stood out for me during the course of readings as it is one of the first concepts that all therapist need to accept and acknowledge. The author emphasizes that adolescents, like all people, do not change until they want to, and only after they see and accept their challenges can the therapy begin to progress. Each chapter mirrors the therapeutic process, from treatment planning, confrontation, opposition, motivational ass essment, to crisis management, boundary setting, and enduring failed therapy sessions. Each chapter is well laid out with the order and content that it covers, as it explores various different scenarios in a step-by-step process. The first three (3) chapters echo the first stages of therapy, such as creating the correct settings, going through the initial greeting and meeting phases and addressing the preliminary difficulties that may occur during therapeutic sessions. Just as it is difficult for us to trust people and let them into our lives so to he says is the case with adolescents. Building trust has been described as one of the earliest developmental task and the foundation on which all others are built (Erikson, 1980). Establishing a trusting relationship is fundamental to the development and the progress of any therapeutic relationship. The therapist is portrayed in this book as someone who enables the adolescent client to take control of their life, by recognizing and regarding them with all their weaknesses and the challenging systems it may take, setting parameters, and meeting these adolescents wherever they are, sympathizing and interacting with them on their level using their jargon. A major technique that Bromfield describes in his book as he speaks about interacting with adolescents is creating a shared language. He depicts this by using a case study of a boy named Karl. â€Å"Bitch Alert, Headache no 25 and pretending to strangle his own neck were like minded key words used by my teenage patients to speed dial how they felt†( pg. 116) . Bromfield adds, â€Å" Whether embodied in a word, catch phrase, play scenario, secret world or entire world of metaphor, languages and world that therapist and their adolescent patients mutually create can become their own. These shared meanings become the powerful routes through which the therapist and teenager communicate best† (pg. 117). This suggestion has allowed me to broaden my style and approach to creating a more comfortable space for adolescents to open up and share. This he adds would serve as a shortcut for difficult events and the way they express those events verbally, allowing a more unique and connected space for the teenager and myself. Empathy is a central theme that runs through the entire book. Dr.  Bromfield highlights the importance and significance of empathy, understanding adolescents while balancing the need to challenge and push them. Empathy is an emotion, I value highly as a future humanistic counselor as I believe it can be a very potent tool in therapy. â€Å" As to this day I am awed at empathic understanding’s near miraculous power to soften children’s and adults’ defensive resolve† (p48), he describes the miraculous power of empathy and how it can allow persons in therapy to uncover those other emotions that they may have suppressed quite well. In chapter six (6), Bromfield points out several small gestures that therapist may do to create a more comfortable and secure environment for adolescents. I concur with this belief, as feeling a sense of security and importance in therapy are key in its progression. He claims that simple gesture such as; offering a shawl, opening a window or simply adjusting the heater can assure these teenagers that their needs are important and valuable to you. Bromfield’s passion for helping adolescents are mirrored in every case study that he describes, where he goes the extra mile to ensure that the engagement in therapy is successful. His patience, fervor and persistence are what ensure most therapeutic sessions are successful. Those characteristics are the ones that should be heeded and exhibited by each new counselor. Bromfield uses a whole chapter to discuss a key subject in therapy, honesty. His chapter entitled, â€Å" Truth or Consequences: Assessing and Promoting Honesty in Therapy†, assesses one significant moral characteristics for me as; I believe honesty is a key moral characteristic that is needed in therapeutic sessions. Bromfield points out that honesty in therapy should be a two-way communication, and that both the therapist and the adolescent need to adhere to this trait. The importance of respecting someone’s honesty is also highlighted in the books as to not be judgmental or disappointed when the truth is revealed in sessions. He reveals that being genuine and real with adolescents aids the therapy, as they are quite keen on detecting when therapists are being fake or unreal with them. The aspect of sincerity have always been a hurdle for me, as I often ponder of what may occur if I demonstrate negative facial reactions to any information that a client may reveal to me during a session. The author gives insightful and detailed suggestions as to how to avoid or rather prepare oneself to hear the most outrageous and absurd stories, in so doing, avoiding the element of surprise. Reading some of the stories that the author portrays has helped me overcome that hurdle as he offers other suggestions and avenues for avoiding judgmental comments or expressions. The author cautions â€Å" Therapist do not take the fact that a teenager has opened the door a crack, as an invitation to kick it down with critical and probing questions†, instead he gives alternative responses that may show adolescents recognition for their bravery of telling the truth. The subject of balancing between clients and their parents is also discussed whereby he examines the importance of confidentiality. This being another main battle that I see myself having a struggle with as being pressured for results from some parents, and then balancing the confidentially and trusting relationship the child and I may have developed. Sending parents out the room is never an easy task; Bromfield fails to elaborate on this key aspect of therapy and the mechanisms one may use in order to address such an issue. The issue of clients ‘falling in love’ with the therapist is an important issues that Bromfield doesn’t take into account in his book. The age of adolescence is quite a complicated stage, during this time hormones begin to release and new feelings and motions are experienced. Therefore, having an adolescent ‘fall in love’ during sessions is quite a prevalent phenomenon. One of the most engaging chapters —â€Å"Failures, Missteps and Lost Causes† — it sets a tone of consolation, as it highlights that having failures is normal and that not every therapeutic session will always be a success. â€Å" Do your best and forgive yourself when you fall short†, Bromfield argues that therapists, can only do as much as they can and not always their attempts in fixing a situation is successful but each failure should be looked at a lesson and a chance for growth as a therapist. Bromfield claims â€Å" When I began doing psychotherapy with teenagers and children I was naive, I saw myself as a purist† (pg. 29). An increased sense of comfort came when he added that he found himself being taught by his young patients and he needed to find other methods of helping them. He learnt a little, by little after each session where he added new skills and tools to his repertoire, in an attempt to help adolescents engage in successful therapy. This assertion challenged my misconception that therapist had to know it all and helped to realize that everyone has to start somewhere and not always would we have all the answers r solutions for the problems that are presented to us, but as time goes along we would add to our knowledge and experience. However this chapter fails to address the topic of recognizing professional limitation, where a counselor must recognize their inability to work with a specific client or deal with specific problems. When a client’s personal dilemma, begins to cause a counselor personal difficulties to a stage at which their own effectiveness is compromised, then a referral should be considered. This issue of â€Å"burnout† is also deficient in this chapter. Burnout may affect many counselors and can compress their effectiveness of their professional life Grosh and Olser (1994) The book does contains a few grammatical errors which occasionally requires the reader to re-read a sentence to work out its meaning. However, this book is a well-written, pragmatic guide for beginning therapist or students pursing courses in therapy, psychology or counseling. It can also be a beneficial guide for parents of adolescents as it offers advise on coping with many difficult situations. It teaches and addresses minor situations to extreme situations, from introvert issues to violence. However, I disagree with the author’s recommendation for it being suitable for seasoned professions, as I believe they would have already had the knowledge and experience into most of these scenarios that he has revealed in his book and the information maybe monotonous to them. The book also lacks theoretical framework, as it is highly reliant on simply clients that Dr. Bromfield interacted with. It is a highly subjective book and as it is based purely on his perspective and experience as a counselor. I would highly recommend this book to students and beginner therapist, as it is easy reading. Bromfield is a humorous writer, his use of witticisms, vignettes and unfiltered language would entice and hold a readers attention. This book led me to find myself taking every free opportunity to engage in further reading; at no point did I ever feel confused or unable to comprehend the messages that were being illustrated. The use of real life situation deepened my understanding, as I tend to be a visual learner. I have already ordered another of Bromfield’s books, as I believe his writing has a lot to offer me as a future child and adolescent counselor as it has made me feel more confident and prepared.

A Worn Path by Eudora Welty :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What was intriguing to me about this story was how detailed it was. The author paints a clear picture of what the setting is and the character. The first paragraph of the story is a great example of the author describing the character and the setting. â€Å"It was December-a bright frozen day in the early morning. Far out there was an old Negro woman with her head tied in a red rag, coming along a path through the pinewoods. She was very old and small and she walked slowly in the dark pine shadows, moving a little from side to side in her steps, with the balanced heaviness and lightness of a pendulum in a grandfather clock. She carried a thin, small cane made from an umbrella, and with this she kept the frozen earth in front of her. This made a grave and persistent noise in the still that seemed meditative like the chirping of a solitary little bird.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The emotions I felt were both happy and sad. As I was getting close to end of the story I felt sad when I read that Phoenix Jackson was living alone with her grandson, who is sick, and that he’s waiting for her alone back home. I also felt sad for her because she went through some obstacles during her journey to town such as going under a barbed-wire fence, coming across a man and his dog and passed through some thorny bush. I was happy when she reached her destination and got the medicine that she needed for her grandson. Although at her elderly age she was still witty when she tricked the hunter and took the nickle for herself. Phoenix accomplished something that she wanted to do and that brought a smile to my face.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When you look into a dictionary the meaning of Phoenix is a unique bird that periodically burned itself on a funeral pyre and was born again from the ashes. Maybe that says something about Phoenix Jackson. Her funeral was the path and she was born again when she reached the office.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I saw Phoenix Jackson as a positive, strong person who is very determined and doesn’t let anything get in the way of her path.

My opinion about Catherine Hayles’ book Essay

My opinion about Catherine Hayles’ book Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I disagree with the conclusion of Catherine hayles book and her latest advice.The picture that Catherine Hayles frames is that human being fear to be post human .In her argument She puts information as the core that only requires a conveying media and that media can be machines or human being. She shows how post human is necessary by giving it a positive outlook than human. Hayles argues that human being will be replaced by post human and the human race will face extinction. In her conclusion she states that post human are superior than human being and goes further to feeble the human being by saying that they are not autonomous in thinking . In a further extent Hayles in her book says that computers machines and programs will wipe away the human race.There are many things I don’t agree with Catherine Hayles I will lay down my argument disagreeing with her argument.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Human being are superior over all creation and they cannot be replaced by any other creation.Catherine Hayles argues that human being will morph into something else, something like a cyborg where machines will be overall and incharge and commernder of the other creation.This view is far away from truth, human being cannot be replaced by a creation that has been made by Him. Human being were created to subdue the earth and all the other creations are inferior to Human. It’s not possible to create something and be inferior to it. God is superior to us and so we are superior to machines. Catherine Hayles needs to elaborate and explain why can we create something and it turns to our god.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Posthuman cann’t think as human being does. Hayles lays down her argument saying that post human do think as human being . This she tries to argue that the deeds and actions that can be done by a human being due to thinking can also be done by robot because it thinks too. Do posthuman have self will like human being does? This is a question not answered in her book. Human being thinks in a natural way and posthuman thinks as a result of radio frequency identification (RFID). There is a big gap between posthuman and human being and nothing can bridge this gap.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Looking at the contribution she made the last in her book , her ambition are much higher. The first chapter she read the book of Hans Moravec’s Mind Children:The future of robot and human intelligence and she got a shock. The thing that captured her mind was Moravec’s assertion which stated that near future the consciousness of human being will be transferred to that of computer.There are two prepositions that are implicated here; (1) That existence of information is not reliable to a particular substrate. (2) The consciousness of human being is information. These two preposition are the one that Hayles through her narrative contests three devoted topics; The cyborg emerged as a result of cultural artifacts, how the body was lost by information and the construction that resulted the emergency of post human.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hayles goes further in defining post human using two other ways, first was that posthuman are susceptible, coordinating and self organizing its self in a larger system. She argues that we are dictated by the environment we live in and thus integrated into that environment. She says that human being needed posthuman and thus the technology is the one that pushes for it. The innovation is the one that created posthuman and human being now depends on posthuman. She alludes posthuman in a manner above it’s definition, she says that the information from body is tranferrable from body to machines.It’s very clear is literature and has no facts in it human and posthuman mutually require each other to survive but posthuman requires human to live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hayles opposes the formulation of the second definition of post human and endorsing the definition of the first one. She argues that we think of apocalyptic visions where machines will be equal and become our superior. Hayles didn’t see the danger to obviate the stated machines and the repercussion of changing definition. Hayles argument doesn’t give any hope for survival of human being, that’s very pathetic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another argument she grounds herself with is that there will be full integration of one’s self with a machine and that the content that evolution excluded. She says that body has a sediment history and it do have an architecture in it, a â€Å"physical structure whose constraints and possibilities have been formed by an evolutionary history that intelligent machines do not share.† ( C. H ayles,284, 2009.) In my views, human being cannot be fully identified with machines.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hayles did mention about Joseph Weizenbaum’s statement that making a judgement and the capacity to make is a matter that should be left as an ethical principle, to the human alone. I don’t agree. What are the impacts of feeding more and more information and functions to technology and computers? How is it possible for us to lose our humanity for we resign the skill to practice the decision of of a particular nature?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If we take machine and look at themselves, the analysis of Hayles shows that posthuman have the same consciousness as human and they help in our thinking and they do perform the functions that we don’t need to but quiet want to.Infact they do function and perform better than human being .But we should not forget where they originated from. All machines and their relatives they came from the effort of human mind production. Human being has created them to aid in maximizing his own efficiency and he have, with no doubt accomplished his motive. Without human being machines would not be in existence and thus for them to exist human being has to exist first and the cognition ability would not be there . Ayn Rand character has one that we can link to this art and says in Atlas Shrugged: â€Å"I thought†¦of the men who claim that machines condition their brains. Well there was the motor to condition them, and there it remained as jus t exactly what it is without man’s mind-as a pile of metal scraps and wires, going to rust.† (page 745, Atlas Shrugged) This statement show sense in Hayles and I agree on: Human is conditioned by machine and we appreciate them in our lives and enhance them but I differ in that human being is still dorminant . Machines without the human being they would go extinction and get to rust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the cyborg and the cyborg varieties were to exist as put by the Hayles they would still require human skills and characteristics for their ‘brain’ to function, to have conscious and to think like human being. Hyles didn’t explain this and how if human being were to go to extinction the post human would survive, else she have a task to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hayles the premises that she posits as another cause of fear of post human is the liberal humanist opinion of the human kind matters autonomy. Human being are able to see all the possibilities which are open to choose and they have the will and they can synthesize these sources. Schopenhauer’s there is an outline in THE WORLD AS WILL AND REPRESENTATION(BOOKIII). Human being are able to think, they are able to process data , they are able to create it and pull judgements built on their feelings. This Information comes from several sources in machine but in human being they come purely on them. Machines they are devoid of thinking and they have no conscious like ours. Hayles in her argument doesn’t have the real world instances , and those that she uses are not very clear they are not specifically illuminating. In her early books she says that she finds saying that â€Å"Well my sleep agent wants to rest, but my food agent say s I should go to the store†( Hayles 2009,6).This is certainly an odd approach of talking and She draws a very significant deductions from it. â€Å" Each person ,† She claims, â€Å"who thinks this way begins to envision herself or himself as a posthuman collectivity, an ‘I’ transformed into the ‘we’ of autonomous agents operating together to make self† (Catherine. H, pg 6 2009) There are questions that rises about personal disorders of the multitude. The example of ability of multiple to celebrate and creatively dissociate leads to rejection of therapy that tries to integrate their adjusts. People definitely will be talking around themselves in a fresh ways. But moral agents asks what thinking together about themselves meant. Hayles put it that â€Å"serious consideration needs to be given to how certain characteristics associated with liberal subject, especially agency and choice, can be articulated with in posthuman context† (C atherine.Hayles, pg5, 2009) and she left it like that . She didn’t show any alternative of her implications.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion Hayles argument is lacking enough facts and is based in prepositions that she lays to win the heart of literature, and in my views she didn’t succed. If you consider streams with standing waves, which visibly forms the front side of the rocks which projects superficial above the water. They retain their normal shape and their normal integrity despite being changed by the molecules of water .I still find the machines being continuously changing their integrity but can’t replace human being and they can’t lead extinction of human kind. References Harrison, Ariane Lourie. Architectural theories of the environment: posthuman territory. New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2013. Print. Hayles, N. Katherine. How we became posthuman: virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature, and informatics. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1999. Print. Leithauser, Brad. Penchants & places: essays and criticism. New York: A.A. Knopf :, 1995. Print. Younkins, Edward W.. Ayn Rand’s Atlas shrugged a philosophical and literary companion. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2007. Print. Bateson, Catherine. Being Bee. New York: Holiday House, 2007. Print. Gronebaum, Melissa. Arthur schopenhauers die welt als wille und vorstellung†. S.l.: Grin Verlag Gmbh, 2014. Print. Harrison, Ariane Lourie. Architectural theories of the environment: posthuman territory. New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2013. Print. Hayles, N. Katherine. How we became posthuman: virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature, and informatics. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1999. Print. Leithauser, Brad. Penchants & places: essays and criticism. New York: A.A. Knopf :, 1995. Print. Younkins, Edward W.. Ayn Rand’s Atlas shrugged a philosophical and literary companion. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2007. Print. Source document

Marketing Myopia Essay

Industries growth has stopped due to the failure of management the top executives, railroad business because they focus on sciences not on the customers. To keep growing industries must focus on customers’ needs and wants then solely on their products. Many companies are endangering their business due to improper defining of their purposes. DuPont, corning and aluminum industry flourished because they were customer oriented. Taking example of Dry cleaning; has reduced in a remarkable way and may sooner be diminished. Grocery stores have been replaced by super markets. There is nothing like a growth industry but there is an expansion that is because the companies organize themselves to create growth opportunities. Self-deceiving cycle has four conditions. 1. Growth is due to increase in population. 2. Believing that there will be no substituent for any major product. 3. Mass production and declining unit cost for output increase. 4. Preoccupation with a product. The belief that increasing customers will increase your business have a negative impact as you will yourself not bother to expand your business. The petroleum industry thinks that there is no competitor as there is no substitute of oil but many refineries have such huge stock of oil that they can be a threat. Firstly the crude oil was greatly demanded as kerosene was used for lamps until the bulb was invented and the heaters were started with coal burns. If the company would have been product oriented the business would be ended but they started refining the crude oil and made uses out of each product of crude oil. Oil has proved to be the strongest growth and millions of barrels is consumed daily. Production pressure to some companies such as advertisement and commercials are sometimes this much great that they try to get aid of it. But in all this we forget marketing and focus on the needs of seller and marketing fulfill the customer need. Industries now spend billions of rupees in consumer preference and fulfilling their ideas out of Chevrolet’s 7000 dealers only 57 provide night maintenance service. Ford invented the assembly line and reduced the cost of production and sold millions of $500 cars. Survival needs a change. Consumer needs change and if a company does not provide it they lose. With the wider perspective the CEOs have to recheck on their vision and the selection of the proper targeted market. This was seems to be successful as the organization was able to find out some opportunities that were initially unseen. This is also helpful in predicting the future progress with the help of business prediction techniques that are currently available. To rise above the myopia one should have his main focus on the strategies and predictive techniques that are used to gain hold on the opportunities. And mainly focus on the customer’s lifetime value. This will maintain the long term profit objectives.

Hip Hops Culture essays

Hip Hop's Culture essays Eminem, Dr. Dre, Nas, Eve, Missy Elliot, Tribe Called Quest, these are all known for their best flows and culture beat of Hip-Hop. But how can we define Hip-Hop?. In the early 90s Hip-Hop began to rise, and its popularity became more big as early hip-hoppers brought the country to its feet from its unique beats and its possessive lyrics. Most songs in the early Hip-Hop days were about simple lives of different people, going through a rough time, or hanging out with the homes. But as we can see and hear, Hip-Hop has become more widely known for its indecent and powerful lyrics that explain more of violence, sex, and drug theme. There are 3 main reasons why I think Hip-Hop has changed in a more cruel and negative way in the past 10 years. One is, how Rap and Hip-Hop music videos show a great amount of violence and sexual scenes towards each other, especially when it comes to race and sex. Women in videos, like; Juveniles Back That Azz Up, represent them in a whore matter, which show young women in thongs, very tight and short, and sensual clothing. Also more sex or rape is shown videos, like; Three Six Mafias Tear Da Club Up. In the early years we saw videos of how homeboys hang out together, their simple of difficult lives, and their pimping situations. If a child sees these views from a rappers views and its lyrics, the child will have a greater chance to grow up to be violent or aggressive with in The other is, how the Hip-Hop groups or solos represent their hate or/and believes through their names. For example, Ghost Face Killah, Bounty Killa, and Masta Killa. These names represent hate through killing and other through disctruction and drugs in their lives. Not only some of these show negative influence through their names ...

What Are the Score Choice Policies at Ivy Leagues

What Are the Score Choice Policies at Ivy Leagues SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many students assume colleges will see every score they've earned on the SAT and ACT when they apply. However, while some top-tier schools do require your full testing histories, many don't. Some even allow score choice for the SAT, which allows you to send only the scores you want them to see, or they allow you to pick your best ACT test date. If you're aiming for a top-tier school like an Ivy League, Stanford, or MIT, read this guide to learn how they evaluate standardized tests to help you best prepare. What's in This Guide We're dividing this list of prestigious schools into two categories: colleges that require you to send all scores, and colleges that do not. We are including quotations from their admissions websites about not just their policies on multiple scores, but how they evaluate multiple test scores in general. We will also link to each school's admissions website so you can read more in-depth about their policies. We will also highlight colleges that specifically allow for College Board's Score Choice (or the ACT's similar option). Plus, we will include application tips for the two categories to help you create a smart test-taking strategy. Colleges in Guide Brown University Columbia University Cornell University Dartmouth College Duke University Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Princeton University Stanford University University of California System University of Chicago University of Pennsylvania Vanderbilt University Yale University Colleges That Require You to Send All Scores As companies that make standardized tests have made it easier to pick and choose which scores you want to send to colleges, fewer schools have required you to send all your test scores. Currently, only one of the Ivy Leagues (Yale) does. In these cases, the colleges require you to send your full testing history (sometimes called "testing record"), either for the ACT or SAT. In the past, some colleges have even required your testing history from both tests. Even though colleges often say they will "focus" on the highest score, colleges that require all scores will take each score they receive into consideration. Yale University "Applicants who have taken the SAT or ACT exam multiple times should report all scores from whichever test they choose to report. Applicants who choose to report scores from both the SAT and ACT should report all scores received on both tests....When assessing SAT results, admissions officers will focus on the highest individual section scores from all test dates. For example, if an applicant took the SAT twice, the highest Evidence-Based Reading and Writing and Math scores will be considered individually. When assessing ACT results, admissions officers focus on the highest ACT Composite from all test dates while also considering individual ACT subscores." If you take both the SAT or ACT, you can choose which test to send. But whichever test you pick, you have to send all of your scores. They will also superscore the results of whichever exam you decide to submit; however, remember that they will see all your scores, even if "officially" they only use the highest score from each section. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Strategy for "All Scores" Schools While we never recommend taking the ACT or SAT until you are confident you will get your target score- either for the first time or on a retake- you need to be especially careful about retakes if any of the above schools are top choices for you. In particular, do not take the ACT or SAT once "for practice" before studying for a higher score on a retake. These colleges will see that lower "practice score" and take it into consideration. Instead, make full-length, strictly-timed practice tests an important part of your study regimen, so you have a more confident idea of what your score will turn out to be before you take the ACT/SAT for the first time. Also, be careful about retaking the SAT/ACT with the goal of improving one of the sections. For example, if you got a low Critical Reading score the first time around on the SAT, don't exclusively study for CR before your retake. If your other scores (Math and Writing) go down by a lot, that could make for a lower composite score the second time, which doesn't look great. You should also be careful of retaking the SAT or ACT more than three times, since again, they will see every score date and it won't look good if your scores don't improve markedly. Some final bits of advice: if you're taking the SAT, take the PSAT during your sophomore year so you can get real, scored SAT practice before you take the SAT. And if you're taking the ACT, keep in mind you have the option of deleting records from a particular test date. You can't send scores that no longer exist! Colleges That Don't Require All Scores Colleges that don't require all scores to be sent often have admission policies in place in which they only consider the highest scores, either from a single test date or by superscoring. This is why they don't require all scores- because they won't consider the lowest ones anyway. Many of these colleges also accept College Board's Score Choice feature, which allows you to pick and choose which scores to send. (Read more about Score Choice here.) ACT doesn't have Score Choice, but it does allow you to pick which test date to send. You can put your best scores forward at "score choice" schools. By the way, "superscoring" means combining the best section results from different test dates to create your highest possible composite score. Many of the schools on this list superscore for the SAT, however, for the ACT, it's more common to just look at the highest composite score. Brown University "We accept Score Choice. We will super score within both current and redesigned SAT, but will not super score using results from both versions of the test. For the ACT, we consider the highest scores submitted for each section; however, we do not calculate a super scored ACT Composite score." If you take the SAT more than once, Brown will automatically consider your highest section scores (provided all scores are from either the old or the redesigned SAT), but you may also use Score Choice to decide which scores to submit. For the ACT, they will focus on the highest score for each section, but won't calculate a "superscored" composite. You can choose your best ACT test date(s) to send with that in mind. Columbia University "Applicants may select the Score Choice option for the SAT or choose to submit specific ACT composite scores....When evaluating applicants, we consider only the highest testing results reported from individual sections of the SAT or the highest composite score on the ACT." Columbia's policy is very similar to Brown's. You can use Score Choice for the SAT or pick your best ACT composite to submit. Cornell University "Note that Cornell participates in the College Board Score Choice program. For the SAT, Cornell considers the highest section scores across test dates. For the ACT, Cornell considers the highest composite score across all ACT test dates. As a reminder, ACT does not create new records by combining scores from different test dates." Cornell doesn't require you to send all scores, and it'll combine section scores of different SAT exam dates, but only composite scores from different ACT test dates, not section scores. Dartmouth College "Dartmouth does permit the use of Score Choice....We consider the highest component scores from the SAT, even if these results are from different dates. For the ACT, the committee considers the highest composite score and does not combine sub-scores from multiple test dates. We don't recommend excessive testing." Like fellow Ivies Brown and Columbia, they will look at the highest SAT sections from different dates but only the highest ACT composite. Duke University "Students who have taken multiple tests may choose which scores to send to Duke. For students who elect to send multiple test scores Duke will use whichever score is highest." For Duke, you have total control over what scores to send! And if you do send multiple scores, they will use whichever score is best. This is actually a recent change to their policy- they used to require all scores. Harvard College "You are free to use the College Board's Score Choice option or the similar option offered by ACT when applying to Harvard." Harvard doesn't say they automatically focus on the highest scores if they get more than one SAT score or ACT score. However, they do say "we do not admit by the numbers" and "we take into account your educational background when reviewing scores." This is part of holistic application review, trying to take into account the whole applicant. Still, Harvard is one of the most competitive schools in the country, so we suggest putting your best scores forward either with Score Choice or by sending your best ACT test date. MIT "Students are free to use the College Board's Score Choice option and the ACT's option to submit the scores of your choice." MIT does say that they superscore test results, so Score Choice can be a bit redundant. They even superscores across the old and new SAT, which is unusual. They superscore the ACT as well, saying that they "consider the highest score achieved in each section" for both the SAT and ACT. This means if you have taken the ACT more than once, and your best section scores are spread out between test dates, it might be more advantageous to send all your ACT dates so MIT will superscore them. Princeton University "We allow applicants to use the score choice feature of the SAT and accept only the highest composite score of the ACT, but we encourage the submission of all test scores." Like the other Ivies in this section, Princeton is fine with College Board's Score Choice and its ACT equivalent. Stanford University "We recommend that you simply self-report your highest scores in the testing section of the application. You can also have official scores sent to Stanford, but this is not required for us to review your application. If you are offered admission and choose to enroll, official scores that match your self-reported scores will be required. In order for test scores to be considered official, they must be sent directly from the College Board or the ACT." Stanford allows for Score Choice, and it also superscores for both the SAT and the ACT. University of California System "In the College Board's Score Choice module, we encourage you to send all official scores to UC. We will use the highest scores from a single administration. There is no disadvantage to submitting all scores....For the ACT with Writing test, we will focus on the highest combined score from the same test administration...For the SAT with Essay, we will focus on the highest total score from a single test date." They stop short of explicitly requiring all scores, but they make it clear they'd prefer to see all your scores. This means if you're applying to any schools in the UC system (these include Berkeley, UCLA, and UC Davis), you're encouraged to send all your scores, since lower scores won't hurt your admission chances. University of Chicago "If you have chosen to submit SAT or ACT test scores, we recommend you send us all of your test scores. Only your best testing results- your highest sub-scores and the best result of the two testing options, if you've taken both the SAT and ACT- will be considered in the review of your application. Lower test scores submitted will not be used in the review of your application." UChicago doesn't forbid Score Choice, but they do recommend you send all of your scores, since they only look at the highest ones. University of Pennsylvania "Although we permit Score Choice, we do encourage students to submit their entire testing history on both ACT and SAT exams." Much like Dartmouth and Princeton, UPenn allows you to send whichever scores you like, but prefers you send them all. It's also worth noting that they superscore for both the SAT and ACT, so you will often benefit from sending multiple scores. Vanderbilt University "Only your highest [SAT] section scores will be considered as part of the final admissions decision...We will treat ACT scores in the way as what we're describing here with the SAT Reasoning (i.e., considering only the highest composite ACT score in our final admissions decisions). The only difference between the two is that we do not "super-score" the ACT, whereas we do with the SAT Reasoning." So for the SAT, even though Vanderbilt encourages you to send all scores, they don't require it. For the ACT, they're more flexible. Since they will only look at the highest composite score, you can just submit your highest ACT composite. Strategy for Score Choice Schools Unlike the "all scores" schools, you are free to send scores from one test date for the ACT or use score choice to combine scores from multiple dates for the SAT. This means there is less pressure to get a super high composite each time you take the SAT- so if you need to, you could go into a retake aiming for a better math score and not worry too much about Critical Reading and Writing. You also don't need to stress out about only testing two or three times because you won't have to send each test date (though still, if you're studying carefully, you shouldn't have to retake the SAT or ACT more than two or three times). Basically, for the SAT, your goal should be to create the single highest composite you can, and not worry as much about some of your lower scores. However, for the ACT, it's important to note that while some schools (MIT and UChicago) will superscore the ACT, most schools are just looking at the highest overall composite. So you don't have to worry about retaking the ACT, since you only have to send your highest composite to these schools. However, it does mean each time you take the ACT, you need to study all sections to maximize your final composite (the ACT's composite is averaged, so a lower section could drag down your composite). What's Next? So how high should your SAT/ACT scores be for the Ivy League, anyway? See our guide to which scores will get you in- and which ones are too low. We also have a guide to SAT Subject Test scores for the Ivy League. Don't consider these an afterthought! Need help preparing for your retakes? Check out the best SAT and ACT prep websites you should be using. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Overall do you think the new global economy is a good thing or a bad Essay

Overall do you think the new global economy is a good thing or a bad thing - Essay Example The new global economy would not be a positive thing to United States economy, which operates a free- market capitalism. The increased production in numerous growing economies such as China and India will infiltrate the United States leading to the decline of the exportation income. Dahlman and Renwick (483) state â€Å"The United States has generally eased import restrictions in hopes that U.S export to other countries will increase†. The dwindling exportation created by the new global in the United States would adversely affect many industries, which may cause some employees to be laid- off. With the wide- ranging areas of production in China and India, the new global economy would highly benefit these emerging economies. The youthful generation augmented by a growing population in both China and India would stretch the production and utilization further, which would encourage these countries to absorb much of their production, while importing more from other

Us history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Us history - Essay Example Harry Truman’s strategy ensured these ally countries were going to be unbeatable since they were better economies than that of USSR, eliminating its threat of being a superpower. This was the same idea that was used to win the cold war. The fight against rampant poverty that was in America then was the war Lyndon Johnson fought. The poverty that was in America was invisible; Lyndon Johnson used political rallies to express the fact that things had gone out of control, and, therefore, Americans should put its vision on helping people who are suffering, to help them, to give them education, opportunity, to give them the chance of coming into the mainstream of America’s middle class economic life. Everybody was meant to be a winner, from the poor to the rich. America grew less optimistic about the future of the society in the 1970s due to the increased inequality that was witnessed in the society decades after the end of the Second World War. This was seen in the absence of an increase in income since 1967, and people expected nothing since they had no increase in their income for the past ten years. Therefore, it created negative long-term expectations in relation to both family and individual lives and about the future of the United States and its economic perspective. The goals and tactics of the female were to ensure the women had equal rights with men. The main goal of the feminist movement was to eliminate discrimination against women and increase a woman’s part in the building of the nation. With the establishment of feminist movements, there was and has been a noticeable success; for instance, women were able to do jobs men did. They received equal salaries with men; women were involved in politics among other successful things involving women. Vietnam War made the American people lose trust in the president and the government because the

What was the role of Serbia in the events that led to the outbreak of Research Paper

What was the role of Serbia in the events that led to the outbreak of the First World War - Research Paper Example There were different factors such as imperialism, nationalism as well as the formation of different alliances between various countries which finally resulted into the emergence of war. The immediate causes of the war were even discussed during that era wherein major powers of the world at that time blamed each other for bringing the situation to a point where War broke out . (Taylor, 1980) Serbia was most instrumental and probably one of the key reasons as to why First World War took place. What role Serbia played in the outbreak of First World War therefore is an issue which attracted attention of many historians over the period of time. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand and the subsequent events which unfolded therefore gave rise to the need for developing broader understanding of the events which lead to war. Though the war started with the attack from Austria- Hungary on Serbia to potentially avenge the murder however, the overall political reasons for this war were much deeper. (Bourne, 1994) Before discussing the role of Serbia in the events which lead to the First World War, it is important that a general historical introduction of Serbia and its position before the war should be discussed. Serbia fell under the rule of Ottoman Empire in 16th century when it was conquered by Ottomans and were subsequently put under the rule for more than 300 years. The Ottoman conquest became possible due to the internal conflict within the Kingdom of Serbia and resultantly the State as a whole weakened. Serbia remained under the control of Ottoman Empire for more than 300 years and it was only in the beginning of the 20th century that it started to consider a separation from the empire and develop its own separate identity. It is also important to note that the organized revolt in Serbia against Ottoman Empire started during the 19th century and Serbia was able to free some area even during the 19th Century. It was

Importance of Tourism Ethics

Importance of Tourism Ethics The significant growth of tourism activity without a doubt marks tourism as one of the most notable economic and social occurrence of the past century. According to the World Tourism Organization (2005), the number of international arrivals shows a growth from a 25 million international arrivals in 1950 to over 700 million in 2002, matching to an average yearly growth rate of 6.6%. In addition to the statistical growth of tourism, there has been a change of the tourism product from the conventional sun, sea and sand to a product that would be more beneficial for those living in the tourism destination. Tourisms growth has meant the industry now stands for the foremost source of foreign exchange earnings in most countries (WTO, 2005). However, in addition to the often cited economic pointers displaying the control of the tourism industry, there has been a matching rise and recognition of the possible negative impacts of the growing tourism industry; this has led to calls for the indus try to exercise greater responsibility in order to protect various destinations (Archer et al., 2005). However, in the last few decades, responsible tourism has come into view as a wider consumer market trends towards lifestyle marketing and ethical consumption have spread to tourism (Goodwin, 2003). Tourism organizations are beginning to realise that promoting their ethical position can be good business as it has the ability to increase a companys profits, management effectiveness, public image and employee relations (Hudson and Miller, 2005). There has been not only a significant change in the products and patterns of tourism across the world over the past decade, but also an increasing concern with how it might contribute towards sustainable living, mainly for the worlds poor and how the huge environmental impacts can be controlled (Godwin 2003). This essay will look at the issue of ethics in the tourism industry, highlighting the need for responsible tourism; what instigates responsible tourism; related approaches to responsible tourism; companies that promote responsible tourism; set guidelines for tourism and then conclusion. Ethics and the Tourism Industry Tourism has come into view as a major force in the worldwide economy, with most countries, having increasing opportunities to participate, as both tourism destinations and tourists (Ashley et al, 2001). However, many local populations are faced with not only a loss of their traditional livelihoods, but also the viewpoint that they may be moved from where they lived to make way for new tourism developments. Many of the problems faced by the tourism industry are ethical in nature, including destruction of the environment, pollution, depletion of natural resources, economic imperialism, and sexual exploitation. In response to these ethical tensions, there has been recognition of the need to consider the concept of responsible tourism, tourism that creates better places for people to live in, and better places to visit. It extends the idea of eco-tourism or sustainable tourism to include social and ethical as well as environmental considerations. The World Tourism Organisation (2002) described responsible tourism as a concept that relates to all forms of tourism which respect the tourism destination, the natural, built and cultural environment, and the interests of all. Also, the Cape Town Declaration on Responsible Tourism in Destinations (2002) describes Responsible Tourism as tourism that reduces harmful economic, environmental and social impacts; create more economic benefits for local communities; provides interesting experiences for tourists through meaningful interactions with local communities and cultures and improves the well being of tourism destinations. Responsible Tourism is ab out the legacy and the consequences of tourism for the environment, local people and local economies. Various countries and organisations such as South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Gambia, India, Sri Lanka, are already practicing responsible tourism. Drivers of Responsible Tourism Globally, concerns about global warming, destruction of the environment, wearing away of cultures, and poverty, are increasing. The number of initiatives aimed at improving the living conditions for the worlds vulnerable people, increases daily (WTO, 2000). The awareness of the earths predicament is spilling over into the way people behave in their homes, how they spend their money and the way businesses are run. Driven by changing personal ethics, individuals contribute financially or otherwise to environmental and humanitarian initiatives. For instance, in the UK, the market share for ethical products grew by 22% between 1999 and 2004 (The Ethical Consumerism Report, 2005). Business ethics are also changing, with companies adopting business practices that are based on ethical values (Goodwin, 2000). Responsible Tourism is no longer seen as a passing trend and has now become a recognised and accepted sector within the industry with holidaymakers becoming more aware of their responsibilities as travellers (UNEP, 2000). In 1996, South Africa was the first country to take on responsible tourism as a nationwide policy; the White Paper on the Development and Promotion of Tourism in South Africa (1996) sees responsible tourism as a positive approach by tourism industry and partners to develop, market, and manage the tourism industry in a responsible manner. The White Paper state that the environment is the responsibility of the tourism industry, through the promotion of balanced and sustainable tourism, and a focus on environmentally based tourism activities; it is the responsibility of government and business to involve the local communities that are in close proximity to tourism infrastructure and attractions, through the development of meaningful economic linkages; tourists, busines s and government should respect, invest and develop local cultures, and protect them from over commercialization and over-exploitation; local communities should become actively involved in the tourism industry, to practice sustainable development, and to ensure the safety and security of visitors; and tourists should observe the norms and practices of South Africa (DEAT, 1996). Related Approaches to Responsible Tourism Pro-poor tourism, community-based tourism, volunteer tourism, are different approaches to tourism, they are all based on the three pillars of sustainable development. However, each approach has a precise goal. Responsible tourism is a unifying term that embraces all these approaches. This section will focus mainly on pro-poor tourism in relation to responsible tourism. The concept of pro-poor tourism was developed in 1999 with the aim of increasing opportunities for the poor and to control all forms of tourism at different location (DFID, 1999). According to Ashley et al (2001), pro-poor tourism generates net benefits for the poor; these benefits may be economic, social, environmental or cultural. The core activities needed includes: increasing access of the poor to economic benefits by increasing business and employment opportunities for the poor; providing training so they are in a position to take up these opportunities and spreading income beyond individual earners to the wider community; addressing the negative social and environmental impacts often associated with tourism such as lost access to land, coastal areas and other resources and social interference or exploitation; policy restructuring by creating a policy and planning framework that removes some of the barriers to the poor, by promoting participation of the poor in planning and deci sion-making processes surrounding tourism; and by encouraging partnerships between the private sector and poor people in developing new tourism products (Goodwin, 2000). Case Examples of Companies promoting Responsible Tourism UK Association of Independent Tour Operators (AITO) AITO is the first tourism industry association to incorporate into its business deed a commitment to Responsible travel. Companies such as AITO identify the need to respect other peoples domicile and culture. As tour operators, they acknowledge that wherever a tour operator does business, it has a potential environmental, social and economic impact on the destinations involved (Goodwin, 2005). As a result, AITO aims to be responsible in all their dealings on each of these three levels. In order to achieve this goal, a set of guidelines has been planned to help companies, customers and local suppliers recognise their general tasks which includes protection of the environment; respect of local cultures and customs; benefit for local communities; conservation of natural resources and pollution control (AITO Responsible Tourism Guidelines 2000). Responsibletravel.com According to Responsibletravel.com launched in 2001, responsible travel involves bringing tourists closer to local cultures and values. Since their launch, they have worked with large numbers of tour operators to help establish effective responsible tourism policies; they have led the way in offering outstanding holidays worldwide that benefit local communities and stand as the worlds leading travel agent for responsible holidays. The company through public relations is one of the most active voices in the responsible tourism movement today. Responsible travel maximises the benefits, and minimises the negative effects of tourism. Their activities have been grouped into four: before booking for holidays; before travel, while on holidays and back home. Before booking for holidays includes encouraging travellers to choose a responsible operator to enquire about eco-friendly accommodations; reducing carbon emissions by taking some holidays closer to home, travel by train and public transport where possible, booking direct flights avoiding transfers; before travel states the need for travellers to read up on local cultures and learn a few words of the local  language, remove all excess packaging as waste disposal is difficult in remote places and developing countries, ask tour operators for specific tips for responsible travel in chosen destination; while on holiday emphasizes the need to buy local produce, hire a local guide, respect local cultures, traditions and holy places, use public transport, hire a bike or walk when convenient; and back home state that tourists should give feedback to tour operator or hotel about holiday, and include any suggestions on reducing environmental impacts and increasing benefits to local communities (responsibletravel.com). Guiding Principles for the Tourism Industry Numerous codes of ethics have been developed that are aimed first at tourists and second at the tourist industry as a result of a growing concern over alleged irresponsible practices by tourists, the tourist industry, and governments. These codes generally address ethical principles focusing on a sense of responsibility (WTO, 1999). Table 1 and 2 shows a summary of the recommended guidelines for the tourism industry. Guidelines for the industry Aid meaningful interactions between tourism destinations and tourists and respond to the special travel needs of diverse population groups. Strengthen and improve landscape character, sense of place, community identity, and benefits flowing to the community as a result of tourism. Protect and enhance natural, historic, cultural and aesthetic resources as a legacy for present and future generations. Encourage tourism research and education which lay emphasis on ethics, heritage preservation, and the tourism destination; and the required information to ensure the economic, social, cultural and environmental sustainability of tourism. Promote greater public awareness of the economic, social, cultural, and environmental significance of tourism. Table 1: Guidelines for Tourism Industry (Tourism Industry Association of Canada, 2005). Guiding Principles for Economic Responsibility Considering the opportunity costs of tourism for local communities; maintaining and encouraging economic diversity. Maximising local economic benefits by increasing linkages and reducing leakages Ensure communities are involved in tourism. Considering co-operative advertising, marketing and the promotion of new and emerging products. Recruit and employ staff in an equitable and transparent manner and maximise the proportion of staff employed from the local community. Guiding Principles for Social Responsibility Involve the local community in planning and decision-making. Identify and monitor potential adverse social impacts of tourism and minimise them. Maintain and encourage social and cultural diversity. Be sensitive to the host culture; respecting and developing local heritage. Guiding Principles for Environmental Responsibility Follow best practise guidelines on the design, planning and construction of buildings and associated infrastructure to minimise environmental impacts. Use local materials appropriately. Avoid damaging the environmental quality of the enterprises neighbourhood by noise or light pollution. Use local resources sustainably. Maintain and encourage natural diversity. Table 2: Responsible Tourism Guidelines for the South African Tourism Industry (Spenceley, 2001) Conclusion Responsible tourism is rising as new ideas which aim to push the mainstream tourism industry. Model projects and successful multi-stakeholder ideas, are also beginning to grow (UNEP 2000). These few examples perhaps prove that tourism has the potential to meet many of the objectives of sustainable development such as renewal of economies, supporting local communities, protecting the environment and even generate cost savings and efficiency gains for tourism companies. Promotion of responsible tourism, through the development of policies, awareness-raising schemes, local participation, guidelines for good practice and actual implementation remain essential goals (WTO, 1999). Responsible tourism should aim to directly support poverty eradication and sustainable production and consumption. Making progress on a larger scale will be an appropriate balancing act and will require a massive turn around in approach from the whole Travel and Tourism industry nevertheless it is an approach that obviously requires support from all stakeholders interested and involved in the industry (UNEP, 2000). Tearfund (2001) highlights that ethics in tourism is an issue of concern in most countries. As the public have more free time available and more money to spend on leisure, and as a rising number of people travel to developing countries, they will want to make certain that their holiday will benefit, and not deter, the local people, environment, customs and heritage.