The Chemistry and History of Silly Putty

Silly Putty is an amazing stretchy toy thats sold in a plastic egg. In the modern era, you can find many different types of Silly Putty, including types that change colors and glow in the dark. The original product was actually the result of an accident. Silly Putty History James Wright, an engineer at General Electrics New Haven laboratory, may have invented silly putty in 1943 when he accidentally dropped boric acid into silicone oil. Dr. Earl Warrick, of the Dow Corning Corporation, also developed a bouncing silicone putty in 1943. Both GE and Dow Corning were trying to make an inexpensive synthetic rubber to support the war effort. The material resulting from the mixture of boric acid and silicone stretched and bounced farther than rubber, even at extreme temperatures. As an added bonus, the putty copied newspaper or comic-book print. An unemployed copywriter named Peter Hodgson saw the putty at a toy store, where it was being marketed for adults as a novelty item. Hodgson bought the production rights from GE and renamed the polymer Silly Putty. He packaged it in plastic eggs because Easter was on the way and introduced it at the International Toy Fair in New York in February of 1950. Silly Putty was a lot of fun to play with, but practical applications for the product werent found until after it became a popular toy. How Silly Putty Works Silly Putty is a viscoelastic liquid or non-Newtonian fluid. It acts primarily as a viscous liquid, though it can have properties of an elastic solid, too. Silly Putty is primarily polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). There are covalent bonds within the polymer, but hydrogen bonds between the molecules. The hydrogen bonds can be readily broken. When small amounts of stress are slowly applied to the putty, only a few of the bonds are broken. Under these conditions, the putty flows. When more stress is applied quickly, many bonds are broken, causing the putty to tear. Lets Make Silly Putty! Silly Putty is a patented invention, so specifics are a trade secret. One way to make the polymer is by reacting dimethyldichlorosilane in diethyl ether with water. The ether solution of the silicone oil is washed with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The ether is evaporated off. Powdered boric oxide is added to the oil and heated to make the putty. These are chemicals the average person doesnt want to mess with, plus the initial reaction can be violent. There are safe and easy alternatives, though, that you can make with common household ingredients: Silly Putty Recipe #1 This recipe forms a slime with a thicker consistency, similar to that of putty. Solution of 55% Elmers glue solution in waterSolution of 16% sodium borate (Borax) in waterFood coloring (optional)Ziploc bags Mix together 4 parts of the glue solution with one part of the borax solution. Add food coloring, if desired. Refrigerate the mixture in the sealed bag when not in use. Silly Putty Recipe #2 The glue and starch recipe may also be seen as a slime recipe by some people, but the materials behavior is much like that of putty. 2 Parts Elmers white glue1 Part liquid starch Gradually mix the starch into the glue. More starch may be added if the mixture seems too sticky. Food coloring may be added if desired. Cover and refrigerate the putty when not in use. This putty can be pulled, twisted, or cut with scissors. If the putty is left to rest, it will pool out, like a thick liquid. Things to Do With Silly Putty Silly putty bounces like a rubber ball (except higher), will break from a sharp blow, can be stretched, and will melt into a puddle after a length of time. If you flatten it and press it over a comic book or some newspaper print, it will copy the image. Bouncing Silly Putty If you shape Silly Putty into a ball and bounce it off a hard, smooth surface it will bounce higher than a rubber ball. Cooling the putty improves its bounce. Try putting the putty in the freezer for an hour. How does it compare with warm putty? Silly Putty can have a rebound of 80%, meaning it can bounce back to 80% of the height from which it was dropped. Floating Silly Putty The specific gravity of Silly Putty is 1.14. This means it is denser than water and would be expected to sink. However, you can cause Silly Putty to float. Silly Putty in its plastic egg will float. Silly putty shaped like a boat will float on the surface of the water. If you roll Silly Putty into tiny spheres, you can float them by dropping them into a glass of water into which you have added a little vinegar and baking soda. The reaction produces bubbles of carbon dioxide gas, which will stick to the spheres of putty and cause them to float. As the gas bubbles fall off, the putty will sink. The Solid Liquid You can mold Silly Putty into a solid form. If you chill the putty, it will hold its shape longer. However, Silly Putty isnt really a solid. Gravity will take its toll, so any masterpiece you sculpt with Silly Putty will slowly soften and run. Try sticking a glob of Silly Putty to the side of your refrigerator. It will stay as a glob, showing your fingerprints. Eventually, it will start to ooze down the side of the refrigerator. There is a limit to this -- it wont run like a drop of water. However, Silly Putty flows.

Sales Ethics Essay example - 1344 Words

Sales Ethics What are they and how can they be better Followed? To fully understand the nature of the question posed one must know the meaning of ethics. Webster’s dictionary defines ethics as the philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it; moral philosophy, the moral fitness of a decision, course of action, etc. Basically, I believe ethics is how one makes a decision according to the social norm that surrounds him. The social norm includes not only the culture but the laws and standard procedures of the environment. These laws and norms must be fully understood before one can understand the ethical significance of one’s decision.†¦show more content†¦If a frog is thrown into a pot of boiling water, the frog will kick, struggle, and fight to get out of the water. If a frog is put in a pot of room-temperature water and the heat is slowly turned up, you end up with frog soup. The frog will not even know what hit him. Workplace ethics are as invisible in subm ersion in organizational culture as the frog in gradually boiled water. When the corrosion finally grows to the avalanche that Enron saw, it often grabs everyone by surprise-just like the frog that finds hes boiled. (Ross, William; Robertson, Diana, 2003) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Why does this happen? Why don’t salesmen just record what they have actually done instead of doctoring books or changing orders? For one a lot of pressure is put on salesmen. Foremost among the firms agents who manage the economic and ethical boundaries with the firms customers are its salespeople. Most firms selling to organizational customers and many firms selling quot;big ticketquot; consumer products rely on their sales force to connect to the customer and the market. In such cases, the salesperson represents the firm to most, if not all, of its downstream stakeholders: customers, channel members, and even competitors. As the primary boundary spanner between the firm and its customers, the salesperson faces a constant barrage of decision-making about ethical issues. (Meyer, Charlene, 2003) A lot of pressure is put on sales people. They haveShow MoreRelatedSales Ethics And Sales Cultures Essay1800 Words   |  8 PagesSales Ethics and Sales Cultur es Sales Ethics Sales ethics in business refers to the use of a professional approach to customers, members of the regulatory bodies, colleagues, and competitors. Sales team is faced with a variety of situations that require the application of ethical practices. Some examples include a customer asking for information about one of their competitors who happens to be their customer, a customer asking for something special that a salesperson is not allowed to give away,Read MoreSales and Ethics1058 Words   |  5 PagesDate: December 2, 2014 RE: Ethics and Sales Assignment This memo concerns my ethics and sales assignment for ABM 222. In this memo I will discuss the importance of ethics in a sales role. I will also discuss when stretching the truth is acceptable or not and the different ways I would react to unethical practices. †¢ I believe that ethics can exist in a commission only bases sales position. Not only does business ethics exist in a commission based sales position, I think it is very importantRead MoreSales Ethics Is an Oxymoron1567 Words   |  7 PagesIs Sales-Ethics an Oxymoron? Globalization highlighted the ethical issues and concerns for every individual organization, multinational organizational conduct their operations under ethical code of conduct to confine the issues faced by unethical conducts. Many organizations such as pharmaceutical firms, technological firms and financial firms pay more attentions to ethical behavior to ensure the sales to consumers have been impeccably ethical. However managers pay attention to behavioral ethicalRead MoreBiomedical Ethics: Cloning and Sale of Organs4459 Words   |  18 Pages Biomedical Ethics: Cloning and Sales of Organs To Sell or Not to Sell, that is the Question Table of Contents ITEM PAGE # Introduction 3 I. The Initial Horror 3 II. What is Cloning? 3 III. Bioethics 4 IV. Immanuel Kant 5 V. President’s Council on Bioethics (2002) 5 VI. Utilitarian Viewpoint 7 VII. The Debate on the Sale of Organs 8 VIII. Human Rights 12 IX. Justice Approach to Ethics 13 X. DistributiveRead MoreBiomedical Ethics: Cloning and Sales of Organs3677 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Biomedical Ethics: Cloning and Sales of Organs July 17, 2012 Table of Contents ITEM PAGE # Introduction 3 I. The Initial Horror 3 II. What is Cloning? 3 III. Bioethics 5 IV. Immanuel Kant 5 V. Presidents Council on Bioethics (2002) 6 VI. Utilitarian Viewpoint 7 VII. The Debate on the Sale of Organs 8 VIII. Human Rights 12 IX. Justice Approach to Ethics 13 X. Distributive Justice Approach to Ethics 13 Summary and Conclusion 16 Biomedical Ethics: Cloning and Sales of Organs Introduction Read MoreMarketing Analysis : Salesmanship Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Salesmanship is the ability to persuade people to buy goods or services at a profit to the seller and with, benefit to the buyer.† (J.,1). Salesmanship includes one of the oldest forms of selling which is personal selling. Another form of selling uses the sales presentation mix which includes persuasive communication, demonstration, participation, visual aids, dramatization, and proof. A salesperson helps to expand demand for product by pointing the buyer to the appropriate goods that the buyer is seekingRead MoreOreck Company Case Study1182 Words   |  5 Pagesfor investors who can set up Oreck Prototypes for a $75,000 investment.† †¢ â€Å"The vast majority of Oreck sales took place over the telephone or through the mail.† †¢ David Oreck was born in Duluth, Minnesota. In New York City it was revealed that his true calling was working as a salesman. He sold everything from televisions, microwaves and Whirlpool appliances; he ascended to become general sales manager. In 1963 he left to form Oreck Corporation. Since Whirlpool wasn’t successful of its upright vacuumRead MoreWho Is Victoria s Secret? Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesthere I have learned a lot about selling, customer service, and their point of sales system. I have learned about the job very quickly and excelled in my time there and I was offered a full-time position. There are around 200 or so employees at my job, almost 20 of them being managers and about 15 being supervisors, so the regular employees have them outnumbered. Our company has an open door policy and also an ethics hotline, they are very serious with the way that they treat their employees. ThisRead MoreList The Three Prescriptions That Serve As The Foundation For D evelopment Of Relationship Strategy1183 Words   |  5 PagesQuestions William Mauriello Introduction to Sales, Colorado Community College Online Chapter 3 1. List the three prescriptions that serve as the foundation for development of relationship strategy. Values Clarity Support 2. How important are establishing, building, and maintaining relationships in the selling process? List the four groups of people with whom sales personal must be able to work effectively. In a consultative sale, building a relationship is important toRead MoreCase Study : Pier 1 Imports Essay951 Words   |  4 Pagesimported decorative home furnishings and gifts†. The company has 22,200 employees as of the end of its 2014 fiscal year and a revenue of $1,771.7 million making it one of the largest corporations in the DFW Texas area (Pier 1 Imports, Inc, 2014). Though sales associates have a positive relationship with Pier 1, the company s weaknesses and threats have proven to impact corporate executives and company profits. Pier 1 sells decorative merchandise that applies to every aspect of the home including textiles

Whodunit free essay sample

My grandma is the reason I’m a night owl instead of an early bird. She’s the reason the light from my room shines through the crack under my door after my family is tucked away, snoring, in bed. I acquired the habit of staying up into the small hours of the morning during my annual two-week visits with my grandparents over the summer when, one night, my grandma introduced me to TV shows about crime, murder, and mystery. I would have never thought that my grandma—the same woman who went to church twice a week, who had found all my tickle spots as a child, and who read romance novels with a passion—would enjoy watching investigators solve brutal murders or search for missing children. At first, I was just happy to be able to stay up past midnight; however, I soon began to love crime dramas as much as my grandma and eventually learned all the acronyms: CSI, NCIS, SVU. We will write a custom essay sample on Whodunit? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a result of our shared interest, we grew closer, and our relationship grew stronger. We would spend commercial breaks talking about our crazy family or joking about the ridiculous infomercials and reality shows. I began to understand the attraction these shows held for her: it was reassuring to watch the bad guy get caught. With each new episode she would try to figure out which character had committed the crime before the criminal investigators did, and it wasn’t long before I was trying to identify the offender before she could. In order to win these competitions I had to be aware and suspicious of any new characters that were introduced throughout the show because sometimes even the most seemingly innocent person would be revealed as the killer. Since the lines were scripted, the people were actors, and the crime scenes were staged, I became adept at recognizing the minute details hidden within each show that hinted toward the criminal. This required me to be curious a nd observant, two qualities that have heavily impacted my life. Over the years, when faced with decisions, my curiosity has led me to choose the path that is less familiar to me. My curiosity about new experiences was a major factor in my decision to attend an International Baccalaureate school; when I excitedly tore open the acceptance letter, I thought, â€Å"Well, if I go and don’t like the program, I can always come back to my home school, but if I don’t go I’ll always be curious about what it would have been like.† Upon my arrival at an IB school, my observant nature combined with my curiosity helped me to remain engaged and eager to learn in every class. Without the late night sessions with my grandma trying to discern which character was guilty, time that I am truly grateful for, these qualities would not be so pronounced a part of my personality. I continue watching these crime dramas at home—a habit that appalls my mother—so I can talk about them on the phone with my grandma and resume watching them with her when I visit each summer. Overall, our shared enjoyment of these shows has allowed our relationship to evolve from that of a child and her care-taking grandma to that of a teenager and her friend, and has allowed my inquisitive personality to flourish with each new crime to solve.

The Legalization Of Marijuana Has Been A Long Debated Subject In Ameri Essay Example For Students

The Legalization Of Marijuana Has Been A Long Debated Subject In Ameri Essay ca since the 1970s. The pro-marijuana society in America has made several claims as to how marijuana can help cure or lessen the effect of some diseases and that by legalizing the drug; the use of pot will actually decline. The fact of the matter is that marijuana is a drug that can be placed into a similar category as cocaine or heroine. Like these other drugs, pot (marijuana) smoking carries with it serious side effects that can effect the user forever, and sometimes-even cause death. Marijuana was first cultivated in America during the colonial time period and was used as a fiber for rope and even clothing. The plant was not used for its psychoactive properties until 1910, when Mexican farmers began smuggling it across the boarder for poor black and Mexican workers in the Southern states (Abood Me 202). By the 1930s marijuana was widespread throughout the U.S., before the Federal Government in 1937 outlawed the use of it. However, marijuana use continued to spread, even with these restrictions and in 1970 the Controlled Substance Act was passed. This act basically categorized marijuana as being a harmful and addictive drug. Presently, marijuana use, especially among teenagers is on the rise once again. Pro-marijuana advocates must ask themselves the question that if marijuana is so great, why is it causing so much damage to the body? Marijuana is comprised of cured leaves and flower clusters from the hemp plant called Cannabis sativa. Cannabis sativa is known as a psychedelic drug because it creates a break from reality. The chemicals found in marijuana are actually much more harmful than chemicals found in other addicting drugs, such as those found in tobacco. The inhalation of any kind of smoke is unhealthy, whether it is in cigarettes or joints (marijuana). The particles found in the smoke of joints and cigarettes collect in the lungs and over time can cause damage. The marijuana plant has over 400 known chemicals that break down into some 4,000 when smok ed (Zweben Je 123). Only a few of these chemicals, such as THC, create the actual high that pot smokers look to for their enjoyment, but the many of the others are toxins, or poisons that have been proven to cause cancer. One such cancer-causing chemical is called a carcinogen. An average joint contains 30 monograms of carcinogen in comparison with an average cigarette, which contains only 21 monograms (Kleber 4). Carcinogen has been proven to break down a gene that controls the growth of cells and over time makes the lungs 70% more susceptible to lung cancer. The way that marijuana cigarettes are smoked- by inhaling and holding the smoke in the lungs creates an even greater risk for exposure to these poisonous chemicals. Other cases are quickly developing that show chronic marijuana users also develop mouth or larynx cancer. If such a drug can cause such devastating health problems, then why legalize it?Besides causing cancer, other long-term side effects can occur. Flu like sympto ms can occur that includes eating disorders, chronic bronchitis, and mood swings that may not dissipate for up to 18 months. There is also the psychological effect that marijuana has on the user. Many studies have shown that long time users who tried to quit could not do so, not necessarily because of a powerful withdrawal like that of crack cocaine, but because they missed the actual high that marijuana offered. The high is actually causing mental problems as well. Studies done have shown that pot smoking can cause short term memory loss, as well as creating a sort of fog in the mind of the user. More serious mental effects include depression and suicide. As one doctors journal stated: It is generally agreed that there is a progressive increase in depressed mood from abstainer to substance user and a corresponding increase in suicide attempts.(Berman 313) A final problem that marijuana poses is that it is considered a gateway drug. A gateway drug is one that leads to the use of hig her risk substances like cocaine. In a recent study, children (ages 12-17) were 266 times more likely to use cocaine after using gateway drugs then those who did not (Alaskans for a Drug Free Youth Summer). Promoting a drug that can potentially lead to the use of even worse drugs, is not the right way to go about fixing the problems of everyday America. .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 , .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .postImageUrl , .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 , .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:hover , .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:visited , .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:active { border:0!important; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:active , .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4 .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue373a18858c103b67ca28d228068d1f4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: International Business Law, Go Essay We will write a custom essay on The Legalization Of Marijuana Has Been A Long Debated Subject In Ameri specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many pro-marijuana advocates are pushing for the legalization of marijuana strictly for medical purposes. They feel that through certain studies, marijuana can help improve patients with certain diseases. The idea that marijuana can do more good than harm has been proven a worthless theory. One obvious way marijuana can not be effective was explained earlier when it was stated that smoking marijuana could be harmful to the lungs as well as other parts of the body. The reality is that this is very true and was backed by William M. Bennett M.D., who is listed in the Best Doctors in America. He remarked that The idea of using smoked marijuana containing carcinogens as medicine, particularly for patients who have suppressed immune systems like those with aids, should be unthinkable. Thus, prior to considering marijuana, one must abide by the old edict, first do no harm' (Kleber 6). In looking at this from a governmental position, the FDA never complied with the theory that one can smoke a medication. The United States Court of Appeals backed the FDA in 1992, by deciding that marijuana is not a medicine (http://). Several alternatives have also been available to avoid the smoking of marijuana. Chemicals such as THC, that are said to be needed for medical purposes can be found in oral forms. Nasal sprays and suppositories are just some suggestions that anti-marijuana advocates are pushing. These alternatives allow the patient to receive the needed THC without taking in the thousands of harmful chemicals found by smoking marijuana, which would be much less harmful to the body of the patient. Overall, there is a multitude of legitimate facts, from a wide array of researchers and doctors that prove marijuana is harmful. Several questions must be answered if the legalization of marijuana is to be taken with any seriousness. What kind of marijuana would be legal and who would it pertain to? Would it only come from the government? If one says that marijuana should only be legal for a medical purpose than vehicular trauma and DUI problems could not only increase but also a medical marijuana defense could easily be used (http://). Medical users of marijuana could smoke the drug and then drive or operate some type of machinery. If an accident did occur, the user could justify the accident with a medical excuse. How will it effect a teen-age society that continues to have a no big deal attitude toward smoking pot? How can one say that marijuana smoking will decline if more and more people are using it, and more people have a laxidasical attitude toward its use? These questions ar e at the very least, difficult to answer. They prove that the American society is in no way ready to think about legalizing marijuana.